英语句子开头什么时候用ed,ing,having done,to do,do形式

你想说的是非谓语动词的用法吧?!
ed是动作与主语的关系是被动的,比如：Praised by his teacher,he was so happy.被他的英语老师表扬,他很高兴.
ing是动作与主语的关系是主动的,比如：opening the door,he saw the gift.打开门,他看到了礼物.
to do是表将来或目的,比如：To finish the homework,he stay late.为了完成作业,他熬夜了.
do应该是祈使句,后面有and,比如：Help him and he'll thank for you.
having done是动作已完成,比如：Having finished the homework,he was allowed to play outside.他已经完成了作业,被允许出去玩.

希望回答对你有用哦~~