Back in the early 1900s, American physician Byron Robinson wrote a book proposing an inter

Back in the early 1900s, American physician Byron Robinson wrote a book proposing an interesting theory: humans actually have two brains --- one in our heads and the other in our stomachs, and the two “communicate” all the time. Interestingly, in Chinese culture, thoughts are also related to the belly in phrases and idioms like fugao (腹稿, a draft), manfu jinglun (满腹经纶, a bellyful of ideas), and yiduzi weiqu (一肚子委屈, a bellyful of complaints).
This may sound a little ridiculous at first. But try to think of a time when you were extremely nervous. Chances are that you also felt uncomfortable in your stomach, didn’t you? This is probably why people use the idiom “butterflies in one’s stomach” to refer to being nervous.
Now scientists from Canada and the US have found that our guts (肠道), if not as bright as our actual brains, are much more than just where we digest the food we eat. They also affect our emotions and even behavior, all thanks to the bacteria in them, reported Scientific American.
In the study, scientists fed timid mice stomach bacteria from mice that were more active and daring. After eating the bacteria, the timid mice grew more energetic and fearless. Sure enough, when bold mice got the bacteria from timid ones, they became more anxious. The mice’s behavior also changed when scientists disturbed the bacteria in their guts by changing their diets and feeding them antibiotics (抗生素).
“If something goes wrong in the gut, that change is reflected in the brain,” Emeran Mayer, a professor at University of California, Los Angeles, told The Huffington Post.
The brain-and-gut connection also works in the opposite way. Scientists studied children with autism (自闭症) --- a mental illness that makes people unable to socialize with others --- and found that they also have a lot of stomach problems. They have fewer types of stomach bacteria and lower totals of a few key bacteria than healthy children.
This research raises the possibility that scientists could treat patients with brain problems simply by feeding them the right food, which would be much more efficient than providing psychological therapy (疗法).
According to CBC News, you can get “good” bacteria that lift your spirits from food like yogurt while “bad” bacteria are usually in high fat and high sugar foods.
【小题1】What is the author’s attitude toward Byron Robinson’s theory of two human brains?A．Unsatisfied.B．Doubtful.C．Positive.D．Negative.【小题2】The author mentioned the idiom “butterflies in one’s stomach” in the second paragraph to .A．describe the symptoms of nervousnessB．suggest a connection between our stomach and our emotionsC．hint at the danger of nervous feelingsD．encourage people to calm down and relax【小题3】What’s the closest meaning of the underlined word “bold” in Paragraph 4?A．anxiousB．fearlessC．energeticD．sharp【小题4】According to the article, .A．people with mental illnesses are more likely to have stomach problemsB．the use of antibiotics can turn timid mice into daring onesC．timid mice have fewer types of stomach bacteria than daring miceD．people must consider changing their diets when they feel anxious【小题5】We can infer from the article that .A．psychological therapy has never worked before for autistic childrenB．yogurt is the best solution for anxiety problemsC．high fat and high sugar foods are responsible for many mental diseasesD．diet changes can lead to mood changesC

(答案→)C 解析：文章介绍Byron Robinson 的理论说，人的大脑和肚子各有一个大脑，接下来通过一些短语和实验来证明这种说法是有道理的，因此可以通过改变饮食改变人的情绪。【小题1】推理题：根据文章第一段的句子：Interestingly, in Chinese culture, thoughts are also related to the belly in phrases and idioms like fugao (腹稿, a draft), manfu jinglun (满腹经纶, a bellyful of ideas), and yiduzi weiqu (一肚子委屈, a bellyful of complaints).可知作者用中国文化中肚子和大脑有关的词来证明Byron Robinson的理论还是有一些道理的，选C。【小题2】推理题：文章第二段提到Byron Robinson 的理论说：人的大脑和肚子各有一个大脑，第二段提到一些此类相关的词汇，所以活似想证明这个说法，选B【小题3】猜词题：根据第四段的句子：scientists fed timid mice stomach bacteria from mice that were more active and daring.可知是两种老鼠，一种是胆小的，一种是积极的，胆子比较大的，而这句话提到timid，所以是和胆大的老鼠对比，选B【小题4】细节题：从倒数第三段的句子：The brain-and-gut connection also works in the opposite way. Scientists studied children with autism (自闭症) --- a mental illness that makes people unable to socialize with others --- and found that they also have a lot of stomach problems. 可知自闭症的孩子会有胃部不适的问题，所以选A【小题5】推理题：根据文章最后一段的句子：According to CBC News, you can get “good” bacteria that lift your spirits from food like yogurt while “bad” bacteria are usually in high fat and high sugar foods.可知饮食的改变可以改变人的情绪，选D

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