be to do 的用法详解

be to do 的用法详解

be +动词不定式（即be + to do sth.）的用法如下：1.表示按计划或安排要做的事。例如：She is to be married next month.她将于下个月结婚。The Queen is to visit Japan in a week’s time.女王将于一周后访问日本。这种结构也可用于过去。was / were to do sth. 表示曾经计划要做的事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示“命运（即命中注定要发生的事）”，而非计划；was / were to have done sth.表示未曾实现的计划。例如：I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到很紧张，因为我很快就要首次离开家了。They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告了别，不知道以后再也不会见面了。We were to have told you, but you were not in.我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。2.表示“应该”，相当于should, ought to。例如：You are to report to the police.你应该报警。3.表示“必须”，相当于must, have to。例如：The letter is to be handed to him in person.这封信必须亲手交给他。You are to do your homework before you watch TV.看电视之前你得先做完作业。4.表示“想，打算”，相当于intend, want。例如：If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go now.如果我们要在十点前到，我们现在就得走。5.用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。例如：6.用于否定句，表示“禁止”，相当于mustn’t。例如：The books in this room are not to be taken outside.这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。You are not to smoke in the reading-room.你不可以在阅览室里吸烟。7.表示“可以，可能”，相当于may, can。例如：The news is to be found in the evening paper.这条消息可以在晚报上见到。Such people are to be found everywhere.这种人到处都有。She is nowhere to be found.在哪里也找不着她。8.were to do sth.用于if或even if / even though从句中，表示对未来的假设。例如：Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would never do such a thing.即使太阳从西边出来，我也决不做这种事。9.be to blame(该受责备，对某坏事应负责任)与be to let(待出租)两种结构中，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例如：This house is to let.这房子要出租。 对将要发生的事，如果人的意志不能控制，人为不能安排，则不可以用”be to do”,而要用will ,be going to do.如：It will rain. It is going to rain. 不可用It is to rain. Will表示未经事先考虑而只是说话时临时作出的决定，表示说话人认为，相信，希望或假定要发生的事，也可表示倾向性或规律性，事物的固有属性或必然趋势。Be going to 表示事先经过考虑，或有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定发生，一般带有时间状语，常用于口语。