(二)EarlyorLaterDayCare根据下面的内容,回答下列的问题。TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymain

共享题干题 (二) Early or Later Day Care根据下面的内容,回答下列的问题。 The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental sepa- ration it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant a- lone far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread to- day if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicat- ed and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possi- bility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evi- dence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.1.[不定向选择题]Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlhy's theory?A.Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children's development. B.The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe. C.The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional societies. D.Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficuh to deal with. 2.[不定向选择题]Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?A.Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three. B.The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality. C.Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children. D.Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older.

1.参考答案：D
参考解析：第二段列出了三条论据反对波比的理论。这三条论据分别对应C、B、A。“父母们觉得眼前的后果难以应付”不是反对波比理论的论据。
2.参考答案：B
参考解析：波比认为，孩子从出生到三岁这段时间是一个敏感的“依恋”期。三岁以下的孩子如与父母分开可能会给孩子的性格造成伤害，进而导致以后的情感问题。因此可以认为波比会同意B。3.[不定向选择题]It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that____________A.the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modem societies. B.a child more often grows up with his/her brothers or sisters in traditional societies. C.mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies. D.children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years.

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