For well over a thousand years, smallpox was a disease that everyone feared. The disease k

For well over a thousand years, smallpox was a disease that everyone feared. The disease killed much of the native population in South America when the Spanish arrived there in the early sixteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth century, smallpox was responsible for about one in ten deaths around the world. Those who survived the disease were left with ugly scars on their skin.
It had long been well known among farmers that people who worked with cows seldom caught smallpox; instead, they often caught a similar but much milder disease called cowpox (牛痘) . A British doctor called Jenner was extremely interested in this, and so he studied cowpox. He believed that, by vaccinating (给接种疫苗) people with the disease, he could protect them against the much worse disease smallpox. In 1796, he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and, two months later, with smallpox. The boy did not get smallpox. In the next two years, Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way, and none of them got the disease．
News of the success of Jenner’s work soon spread. Vaccination soon became a common method to protect people against other diseases caused by virus, such as rabies (狂犬病), and vaccines were sent across the world to the United States and India.
It took nearly two centuries to achieve Jenner’s dream of getting free of smallpox from the whole world. In 1967, the world Health Organization (WHO) started a great vaccination program, and the last known case of smallpox was recorded in Somalia in 1977. The story of vaccinations does not end there, however. There are many other diseases that kill more and more people every year. Besides, many new diseases are being discovered. The challenge for medical researchers will, therefore, probably continue for several more centuries
【小题1】Smallpox was so serious that by the end of l8th centuryA．its death rate was up to ten percentB．those who caught it were certain to dieC．one in ten people in the world died of smallpoxD．one in ten deaths in the world was caused by smallpox【小题2】Edward Jenner discovered that vaccination with cowpox could . A．make smallpox much milderB．stop people from getting smallpoxC．protect people against any diseaseD．prevent people’s scars after smallpox【小题3】Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A．The first experiment with cowpox was made by a British doctor. B．After 1977 smallpox disappeared around the world according to WHO. C．Vaccination had existed among ordinary farmers before being discovered.D．Vaccination can be used to protect people in the world against not only smallpox.【小题4】The author of the passage thinks that . A．vaccinations bring many new problemsB．vaccinations end the spread of diseasesC．there is a long way to go to fight against diseasesD．there is a long way to go to discover new diseasesD

(答案→)D 解析：文章介绍了水痘的发明过程。【小题1】细节题。根据第一段第三行smallpox was responsible for about one in ten deaths around the world.【小题2】推理题。根据第二段最后三行he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and, two months later, with smallpox. The boy did not get smallpox. In the next two years, Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way, and none of them got the disease．可知vaccination with cowpox可以预防水痘。【小题3】推理题。疫苗是在被发明出来以后才为人所知的，并不是在发明之前在普通的农民中就存在的。【小题4】推理题。根据最后一句The challenge for medical researchers will, therefore, probably continue for several more centuries。可知与疾病做斗争还有很长的路要走的。

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