英语翻译Previous studies with word stimuli have shown a consiste

英语翻译
Previous studies with word stimuli have shown a consistent pattern of vigilance for threat words in GAD across diåerent stimulus durations ranging from 14 ms to 1000 ms.The time course of the attentional bias is an important issue.Persistent,maladaptive or clinical anxiety has been seen as resulting from a failure of emotional processing,and it has been suggested that brief exposure to threat,followed by avoidance,might produce the conditions for incomplete emotional processing of threat stimuli or sensitization to such stimuli.Similarly,brief attentional vigilance to threat followed by attentional avoidance might underlie the maintenance of excessive anxiety states.While no evidence has been found of avoidance following initial vigilance to threat faces in high anxious normals using stimulus durations of 500 ms and 1250 ms,such evidence has been found with severe threat stimuli and similar stimulus durations in a non-clinical sample who were fearful of blood-injury.It is therefore important to test this hypothesis of a vigilance-avoidance pattern of bias in a clinically anxious sample with pictorial representations of threat.Individuals with GAD were selected as the clinical sample for the present study,given that GAD reflects the extreme end of the spectrumof trait diåerences in vulnerability to anxiety.
The pattern of attentional bias over the first and second halves of the task was also examined.Broadbent& Broadbent (1988) found the bias to be stronger in the second half of the task,suggesting that the effect is `due to increasing post-attentive awareness of the presence of threatening words’.Thus,although there is evidence that automatic processes are involved in the attentional bias for threat in clinical and non-clinical anxiety,the findings of Broadbent & Broadbent (1988) suggest that strategic influences contribute to the bias.Thus,it is informative to examine whether an attentional bias for threat face stimuli similarly develops over the course of the task.Consequently,the present study investigated attentional biases for threatening and happy emotional facial expressions in GAD.A probe discrimination task was used to assess attentional bias,similar to that used by Bradley et al.(1998).In this task,on each trial,a pair of faces was presented side by side,and immediately after the
faces disappeared a probe stimulus appeared in the location of one of the faces.

先前的研究与单词刺激显示一致的模式的警惕威胁的话在diaerent刺激持续时间从迦得14女士1000女士的注意力偏见是一个很重要的问题.持久,不适应的或临床焦虑一直被视为造成情感的失败处理,和有人建议,短暂接触的威胁,其次是避免,可能产生的条件不完整的情感处理威胁的刺激或敏感这样的刺激.同样,紧随其后的是注意力短暂注意力警惕威胁回避可能是过度焦虑状态的维护的基础.虽然没有证据被发现无效后最初的警惕威胁面临高焦虑法线使用刺激持续时间500毫秒,500毫秒,这样的证据被发现有严重威胁的刺激和类似的刺激持续时间害怕blood-injury非临床样本.因此重要的是要测试这个假说vigilance-avoidance模式的偏见在临床焦虑样本的图像表示的威胁.迦得的人被选为临床样本在目前研究中,考虑到迦得反映了极端的spectrumof特质diaerences容易焦虑.
注意力偏见的模式在上半年和下半年的任务也被检查.Broadbent&布拉德波特(1988)发现的偏差是下半年的任务,这表明效果是由于增加post-attentive意识存在的威胁“.因此,尽管有证据表明,自动过程涉及注意力偏见威胁在临床和非临床焦虑、布劳&布拉德波特(1988)的结果表明,战略影响导致偏见.因此,它是有用的检查是否一个注意力偏见威胁同样面临刺激发展的任务.因此,本研究调查了注意力偏见威胁和迦得快乐情绪的面部表情.调查被用来评估注意力偏见歧视的任务,类似于布拉德利et al.(1998).在这个任务中,在每个试验中,一对面临并排了,和后立即
面临消失的探测刺激出现的位置的一个脸.

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