If the eyes are the romantic’s window into the soul, then the teeth are an anthropologist’

If the eyes are the romantic’s window into the soul, then the teeth are an anthropologist’s ( 人类学家 ) door to the stomach.
In a study published last month in the journal Science, Peter Ungar of the University of Arkansas and his partner, Matt Sponheimer of the University of Colorado, US, examined the teeth of our early human ancestors to find out what they were really eating.
They already knew that different foods cause different marks on teeth. Some cause scratches, while others cause pits (坑).The carbon left on teeth by different foods is also different. Tropical grasses, for example, leave one kind of carbon, but trees leave another kind because they photosynthesized ( 光合作用 ) differently.
Traditionally, scientists had looked at the size and shape of teeth and skulls ( 头骨 ) to figure out what early humans ate. Big flat teeth were taken to be signs that they ate nuts and seeds, while hard and sharp teeth seemed good for cutting meat and leaves. But this was proven wrong.
The best example was the Paranthropus (傍人), one of our close cousins, some of which lived in eastern Africa. Scientists used to believe Paranthropus ate nuts and seeds because they had big crests(突起)on their skulls, suggesting they had large chewing muscles and big teeth. If this had been true, their teeth should have been covered with pits like the surface of the moon. They would also have had a particular type of carbon on their teeth that typically comes from tree products, such as nuts and seeds.
However, when the two scientists studied the Paranthroupus, it turned out to have none of these characteristics. The teeth had a different kind of carbon, and were covered with scratches, not pits. This suggests they probably ate grass, not nuts and fruit stones. It was the exact opposite of what people had expected to find.
Carbon “foodprints” give us a completely new and different insight into what different species ate and the different environments they lived in. If a certain species had the kind of carbon on its teeth that came from grasses, it probably lived in a tropical grassland, for example.
【小题1】The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably means that .A．anthropologists can study the structure of human stomachs by studying their teeth.B．anthropologists can study the diet of early humans by studying their teethC．anthropologists can learn whether humans were healthy by looking at their teethD．anthropologists can get the most useful information about humans from their teeth【小题2】According to Paragraph 3 to 5, which of the following statements is TRUE?A．Scratches on teeth are caused by eating nuts or seeds.B．Pits on teeth are caused by eating grass or leaves. C．Early humans with hard and sharp teeth ate meat and leaves.D．Different foods leave different marks and carbon on teeth.【小题3】The example of the Paranthropus was mentioned in the article in order to .A．tell readers that they are one of our close cousins living in eastern AfricaB．tell readers they had different eating habits from modern humans C．prove that size and shape of skulls does not show accurately what early humans ateD．tell readers that living environment makes a difference to skull structureB

(答案→)B 解析：在一份最近发表的杂志中研究人员声称如果眼睛是心灵的窗户，那么牙齿便是通向胃的大门。也就是说通过对牙齿的研究可以发现动物是以草本植物为食还是以肉为食，但是他们也提出其中也有例外情况，不能完全根据这种方法来进行判断。【小题1】B推理判断题。整篇文章讲述了科学家通过对牙齿的研究来判断他们所吃的食物，而且第二段也明确提出examined the teeth of our early human ancestors to find out what they were really eating.由此可知B选项正确。【小题2】D细节理解题。根据文章第二段They already knew that different foods cause different marks on teeth. 和The carbon left on teeth by different foods is also different.可知不同事物会在牙齿上留下不同的印痕和碳，所以D选项正确。【小题3】C推理判断题。文章第四段讲述科学家是如何根据牙齿的形状，大小和头骨来判断人类所吃的食物的，但是最后提出But this was proven wrong.然后下文讲了傍人的例子，来说明他们的错误判断，所以C选项正确。

好好学习下