如何区别Waterproof Water Repellent Water Resistant

如何区别Waterproof Water Repellent Water Resistant

区别：
一）疏水——Water Repellent

“疏水”是指在AATCC（American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists，美国纺织化学师与印染师协会）技术规范（AATCC Technical Manual）里定义的Water Repellent。
按照AATCC的定义，“疏水性”是指面料防止被水浸湿的能力，而“抗水性”是指面料防止被水浸湿及防止水透过的能力。对于疏水性通常使用两种测试方法，AATCC TM 22（TM：Test Method，测试方法，下同）里定义的“喷雾测试（Spray Test）”和TM 70里定义的“滚筒动态吸收测试（Tumble Jar Dynamic Absorption Test）”。通过测试，可以评估出面料相对的疏水性，通常用一个0~100的值来表示。一般来说，疏水性到80~90的面料，就可以挂上“Water Repellent ”的标签了。
关键的一点是，疏水性度量的是面料吸收的水的多少，而不是面料透过的水的多少。

二）、抗水——Water Resistant

“抗水性”是指面料防止被水浸湿及防止水透过的能力。AATCC定义了3种测量拒水性的方法：TM 35 “雨测试（Rain Test）”，TM 42 “冲击渗透测试（Impact Penetration Test）”和TM 127 “流体静压力测试（Hydrostatic Pressure Test）”。
冲击渗透测试用一定分量的水在一定高度落下冲击面料表面，最终是以透过织物的水的重量来衡量。至于流体静压力测试，则反倒是最熟悉的测试方式，也就是在面料一侧加压，以在面料另一侧出现水珠时的压力作为面料的抗水性指标，也就是通常说的，防水能力为…毫米水压。这个测试的重要意义在于明确区分了面料的“抗水性”和面料/纤维的疏水性。面料的抗水性和纤维或纱线的疏水性、粗细、形状、织法、面料的空间结构、微孔大小等多方面因素共同相关。

三）、waterproof（防水）
一般是指在布料底面做胶底，分coating和lamination两种，coating就是常说的涂层，lamination是复合一层防水料在后面。这个才是真正的防水，一般防水布料表面也有分做 W/R和不做W/R的，W/R+W/P当然就比单纯的W/R或W/P好。
防泼水没有水压指标，一压就全面渗水。欧洲的能够称为waterproof的是1000mm。一般最低防水度600mm勉强叫防水。
应该说，防水的衣服必须有seam taping（在衣服里面缝骨处烫一条防水压胶）。

Fabrics and garments may be labeled waterproof, water-repellent, weather-resistant or some combination of these. But what does it all mean?
Waterproof
A waterproof fabric is completely impermeable to water.(1) Since all the pores are closed, these fabrics are also impermeable to air and can become hot and uncomfortable as apparel. A vinyl raincoat is an example of a waterproof garment. The wearer remains dry since rain stays outside the coat; it can not soak into or through the fabric. Waterproofness is easy to determine either water can get in or it can not.
Water Repellent
Water repellence and water resistance introduce a lot more uncertainty. Water repellency is the resistance to wetting; water resistance is the resistance to wetting and water penetration.(2) Different fabrics resist wetting (absorbing water) to different degrees and the AATCC Technical Manual includes two methods for determining water repellency. AATCC Test Method (TM) 22, Water Repellency: Spray Test calls for a visual evaluation of the wetting pattern after the fabric is sprayed with water. Manufacturers and retailers must agree on an acceptable level of repellency based on the end-use of each fabric. A rating of 80-90 (on a scale of 0-100) is generally acceptable for unlaundered samples intended for use as water-repellent outerwear.(3) Water repellency tests measure the amount of water that soaks into the fabric, not the amount that soaks through.
Intended mainly to measure the water-repellent efficacy of finishes, TM 70, Water Repellency, Tumble Jar Dynamic Absorption Test is not intended to predict rain penetration resistance.(4) Specimens are tumbled in water, weighed, and the wet weight is compared to the dry weight.
Water Resistant
AATCC TM 35, Water Resistance: Rain Test and TM 42, Water Resistance: Impact Penetration Test use the weight of the water penetrating the fabric as a measure of resistance. Less than 1 g is usually considered acceptable;3 anything over 5 g is reported as > 5 g and indicates failure as a water-resistant fabric.2 The rain test may be performed at different pressures to simulate different intensities of rain and acceptable values for both tests may vary according to end-use.
Another measure of water resistance is TM 127, Water Resistance: Hydrostatic Pressure Test. Water is directed at one side of the fabric under increasing pressure and the point at which water droplets appear on the opposite side is recorded. This test differentiates between the water resistance of the fabric and the water repellency of the fiber, yarn, and fabric construction. The degree to which the fibers and yarns resist wetting, combined with the size, shape, and number of pores in the fabric construction, influences the overall penetrability of the fabric.(5)
Weather Resistant
Weather resistance, the ability of a material to resist degradation of its properties when exposed to climactic conditions,6 is an even more complicated issue. AATCC TM 186, Weather Resistance: UV Light and Moisture Exposure subjects fabrics to artificial weathering through the use of ultraviolet (UV) light, humidity, and/or water spray. Exposed fabrics are compared to control fabrics in terms of color change and breaking or bursting strength. This test is most appropriate for items which will be placed outdoors for extended periods of time. The test method suggests three cycle options based on end-use梘eneral applications (e.g., outdoor furniture fabrics, and tent material), architectural applications where thermal shock may be an issue, and automotive exteriors. The UV and humidity/spray conditions for each application vary slightly. TMs