英语翻译Negativeemotions compel action,such as fight or flight,a

英语翻译
Negativeemotions compel action,such as fight or flight,along with expression throughvocalization,posture,variations in facial musculature patterns,andalterations of activity.This represents communication and often elicits socialsupport,thus contributing to survival.Darwin,8 observinganimals,noted that emotions ena­ble communication through vocalization,startle,posture,facial expression,and specific behaviors.He held thatemotions must be inborn rather than learned tendencies.Darwin pursued this issue by comparing thefacial and other emotional expressions of children born blind with those ofother children,reasoning that blind children would express emotion differentlyif emotion is primarily a learned behavior.As others have since confirmed,9 Darwin learned that thebasic blueprints for human emotional expression are innate.
Contemporaryinvestigators who study emotions and human or animal social behavior emphasizethat communication is a fundamental adaptive function of emotional expression.10,11 So­cialmammals,including humans,depend upon one another or their social group asresources for adaptation and survival.The emotional expression of pain in thepresence of supportive per­sons is socially powerful; it draws upon afundamental sociobio­logical imperative:communicating threat and summoningassis­tance.

负面情绪会带来一些强迫性的行为,像是殴打或逃避,同时还会通过语言,姿势,一系列的面部肌肉活动和行为上的改变来呈现.这是他们与外界的沟通方式,但常常会引发出一些社会问题.达尔文在对动物的发现（observing animals）里指出,情绪能过通过发声,惊吓,姿势,面部表情和个别行为来表达.他认为情绪更多是倾向于天生的而不是后天影响的.达尔文通过对比天生失明的孩子和普通的孩子的面部表情和情绪表达来进行更深层的了解,因为他认为如果情绪纯粹是通过后天影响的话,天生失明的小孩表达情绪的方式则会和普通孩子不一样.正如其他的发现,达尔文了解到了最基本的人类情绪的表达方式是天生的.
如今研究情绪和人类与动物的社会行为的研究员也着重指出沟通是人类与动物最基本的情绪表达方式.社会上的哺乳动物,包括人类,会根据其他人或是他们自己的群体的行为而进行改变和生存.（最后一句不解）
仅提供参考