求一篇土耳其的英文介绍 七分钟左右

求一篇土耳其的英文介绍 七分钟左右

Agri Ishak Pasha Palace
　　Though named as a "palace," the Ishak Pasha palace is more a kulliye. The palace is the most famous building after the Topkapi palace built in the 18th Century, during the Lale period, in the classical style. The building is located on the slopes of a hill 5 km. From the Dogubeyazit town. Besides displaying one of the finest examples of the Ottoman architecture, the palace is also known for its diverse history. According to the inscription on the Takkapi gate in the Harem quarter, the palace is built in 1199 Hicri (the Moslem calendar), or 1784 A.D. The building hovers on firm, stony ground because of its location on a slope. Although the palace is located within the centre of the Dogu Beyazit region, three sides of the building (the northern, western, and southern sides) are surrounded by steep rocks. The only access to the palace is through a slightly flat pass. The main gate, the Cumle gate, of the palace is erected against this pass. Since the palace is erected at a time when the castles lost their geographical advantage and when firearms began to be used instead of the sword, the palace’s eastern wing defense is weak. The Cumle gate is made of traditionally carved and sculptured stone. Not many palaces built in the classical Turkish architectural style are left today. The Ishak Pasa Palace is one of them.
　　The Carain Cave
　　The cave is located 27 km. From Antalya at the Katran Mountains. The cave is a natural formation and was inhabited during the prehistoric ages (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, chalcolithic). The cave yielded skeletons and objects, like dressed stone tools and weapons, processed flintstones, that shed light on life in the prehistoric ages.
　　The Bust of Alexander the Great
　　The bust of Alexander the Great was discovered during the excavation of Pergamum. The bust found in Pergamum is part of a copy of the original statue of Alexander, a work by Lysippos, the personal sculptor of Alexander the Great. The bust dates from the 3rd Century B.C. The original Lysippos statue of Alexander has never been found, instead, there are several copies of the statue made in Greek and Roman periods. The Pergamum bust, the only piece remaining from the statue, is on display at the Louvre Museum in Paris.
　　The Relief on Ivriz Hill
　　The relief can be found at the spring of the Ivriz stream, 12 km. From Eregli - Konya. The 6.08 metres high relief was a religious sanctuary which dates back to the Late Hittite period in the 8th Century B.C. and depicts king Warpalavas giving offerings to Santaj, the Hittite god of fertility. For more information about the Hittites please refer to the Yazilikaya section of this site.
　　Anadoluhisari Fortress
　　Anadoluhisari on the Asian shore of the Bosphorus is the oldest Turkish building in Istanbul. It was constructed by the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I Yildirim in 1395, and later enlarged by Mehmet II (1451-1481) who built the outer walls. At the centre is a 25 m high square tower of four storeys, surrounded by a 20 m high wall 1.5 m thick in the form of an irregular pentagon. The 2 m thick outer wall measures 80 m from north to south and 65 m from east to west. As well as accommodation for the garrison the fortress contained its own mosque.
　　Van Castle
　　The Urartians constructed dozens of castles in this mountainous region of eastern Turkey, such as Toprakkale, Kalecik, Cavustepe, Edremit, Asagi Anfaz, Yukari Anfaz, Zengibar, Muradiye, Kecikiran, Hosap, Agarti, Delicay and Zernakitepe. The most important of all is undoubtedly Van Castle, which was built in the year 834 BC by King Sardur I of Urartu. The northern side rests against steep slopes and to the south are rocky cliffs. The castle measures 1800 m long by 1200 m wide, and within its walls are many royal tombs and inscriptions. Four walls surround the castle, two of Urartian construction, and two built nearly two thousand years later by the Akkoyunlu and Ottomans. In front of the north walls is an open air temple carved into the rock, and within the walls are a mosque, medrese, barracks and cisterns.
　　Sultan Han (Alaeddin Kervansarai)
　　The kervansarai is located in the town of Sultanhani, 40 km. From Aksaray. The han is one of the best examples of Selcuq architecture. As the greatest han built during the Selcuq period, it was construv-cted by Alaeddin Keykubat I. In 1229. The han was renovated and expanded to a greater size in 1278 after a fire broke out. The architecture of the han is Muhammed bin Havlan el-Dimiski. The han is built on a plan of 50x110 m., and consists of a winter and a summer residence. The most significant part of the han are the reliefs on the Main Gate.
　　Grand Bazaar
　　Throughout the Byzantine period, the grand bazaar was a hectic open air centre for trade. Mehmet II. Continued this tradition but added two covered bedesten (the older version of the modern shopping malls today). The bazaar extended to an even greater scale by Suleyman I. (1520-1566). The last additions of bedesten shops in the bazaar were made in 1701.
　　Misir Carsisi (Egyptian Bazaar)
　　The Egyptian Bazaar (Misir Carsisi) It is the second covered bazaar of Istan- bul. Was built during the era of Mehmet IV, in compliance with the request of Queen Mother Hatice Turhan. Built in 1660 by the architect Kasim Aga as part of the Yeni Camii Mosque Complex, the bazaar lies today next to the mosque. The bazaar has an ’L’ shape with six gates and 86 shops operating in the bazaar today.
　　Kizkalesi
　　The Castle of Korykos on shore faces another fort, Kizkalesi (Maiden’s Castle), that stands on a tiny island 200 meters offshore. Formerly a sea wall joined the two fortresses. The Maiden’s Castle is located 60 km. From Mersin, near the Erdemli town. It is assumed that the castle originally had a road connecting the castle to the mainland. The road eroded with time and the the castle remains separated from the mainland. The Maiden’s Castle, together with the Castle of Korykos, were built in the IV. Century B.C. by the Greek settlers to prevent assaults to the city of Korykos from the sea. The city of Korykos remained an important harbour in Southeastern Meditteranean until the XIII. Century A.D. The castle passed into Turkish hands when it was conquered by Ibrahim Bey of the Karamanoglu Principality in 1448 and was extensively renovated. The castle has a circumference of 900 m and eight towers

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Country name: Republic of Turkey (The Republic of Turkey). Code TR (Turkey) State of Interpretation: "Turkey" from the word "Turk" evolved. In the Tatar, the "Turk" is a "courageous" means, "Turkey", meaning "brave people of the state." Independence Day: October 29 (1923) Republic Day: October 29 (1923) National sovereignty date: April 23 Area: 780,576 sq km (3% in Europe, 97% in Asia, parts of Europe called Thrace, the Asian part is called Anatolia) Population: 72,000,000 (2006). Peoples: the Turks of the total population of more than 80%, and the rest for the Kurdish people (15%), Arabs, Armenians and so on. Religion: 99% of residents believe in Islam, a Sunni majority. 1% of the population of the Armenian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, Jewish, Catholic and other Language: Turkish is official language. Capital: Ankara / Ankara Currency: Turkish Lira (YTL). With Beijing in time difference: GMT than two hours early; six hours later than Beijing International telephone code: 90 National Anthem: "independence march" National Flag: rectangular, length and width ratio of 3:2. Flag red flag on the side of一弯a white crescent and a white five-pointed star. Red symbolizes the blood and victory; crescent and five-pointed star symbol to drive away the darkness and usher in a bright, but also indicates that the Turkish people of the faith of Islam, but also a symbol of happiness and good fortune. National Emblem:一弯features of the crescent and a five-pointed star, meaning the same as with the national flag. Sometimes under the stars on a red and oval-shaped, its top that says "the Republic of Turkey." Flower: tulip State bird: red-wing blackbird Attractions: Hot Springs Village lowa, Troy City sites, Cappadocia, Library Shek Wu World Heritage: the history of the district in Istanbul, and戈雷迈Valley Cappadocia Cave area,迪夫斯Great Mosque and Hospital hatu sand nemrut Hill, Leiden xanthus and sites, and赫拉波利斯科卡莱spam,兰博卢Saomai City National political figures: President Abdullah Gul (Abdullah Gul), 2007 years 8 took office on 28. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan (Recep Tayyip Erdogan), 2003 took office 3 years, resigned in July 2007 positions, is led by Recep Tayyip Erdogan made the party won parliamentary elections in July, August , the President authorized him to form the new government at its sixtieth session;柯克萨Grand National Assembly Speaker Captan Alto, elected in August 2007. State where: Asia The date of the statutory holidays Turkish Chinese name Remarks New Year's Day January 1 Yıl başı -- April 23 Children's Day national sovereignty and Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı -- May 19 anniversary of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Youth and Sports Festival Atatürk'ü Anma Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı -- August 30 anniversary of victory over Zafer Bayramı -- Republic Day October 29 Cumhuriyet Bayramı -- Islamic calendar October 1st Ramazan Bayramı religious festival of Eid al-Fitr 3 days Id al-Adha Islamic calendar December 10 (Feast of the Sacrifice) Kurban Bayramı religious festivals 4 days [Edit this paragraph] Geography Unique geographical location, mild climate conditions for Turkey to become a paradise for tourists longing. Various shapes of modern architecture, beautiful solemn ceremony of the mosque tower call, leap to the sea on the Bosphorus Bridge, "Homer's epic" Troy in ruins, the world wonders of Cappadocia and watch Kush bird lake resort, beautiful Yalova hot springs ... ... charming natural scenery, rich cultural relics to make Turkey a "tourist paradise" reputation. Ankara, Turkey, the world-famous sheep, people烤全羊guests. Turkey attaches great importance to dress, love the trend in time. Turkish mainland west Balkans, east to the Caucasus, a total length of 1,000 miles, extends northward to the Black Sea, the southern verge of the Mediterranean. Its mild climate, a varied topography, from the coastal plain to the mountain pastures, from the cedar to the stretch of prairie Lin. Here is one of the world's most resource-rich plants in the world. Turkish mainland 5,000 miles of coastline dotted with a few well-preserved beaches of the Aegean and the Mediterranean. Agri Mountain towering as high as 17,725 feet, snow covered peak, the most spectacular scenery attract many visitors. In addition, it is still a land of many lakes, rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates rivers are originated here. Turkey's volatile climate. The more arid south-east, the Black Sea has been mist hung over; the Mediterranean and Aegean regions mild winter, and the mountainous eastern part of the snow lasts a few months, unusually cold. In general, the Turkish chief of the summer, high temperatures, less rainfall; winter has brought snow and冷雨. Orchards, wheat fields and reservoirs have plenty of rainwater storage, vineyards and people who play to the beach there is sufficient sunshine. Climate diversity of crop varieties that Turkey is extremely rich. This is the world's leading tobacco, pistachio (pistachio), raisins and fruits and vegetables, one of the origin. Turkey is located at the northwest corner of the Marmara region, including East Thrace, range from埃迪恩to Istanbul, is a rolling pasture and sunflower growing areas, agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries and light manufacturing. Further south in the region, across the Sea of Marmara is a good agricultural production, planting fruit, olives, grapes and tomatoes and so on. Fisheries, mining and wine industry is an important industry in this region, Bursa city (population 2,000,000) is an important food Religion: 99% of residents believe in Islam, a Sunni majority. 1% of the population of the Armenian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, Jewish, Catholic and other Language: Turkish is official language. Capital: Ankara / Ankara Currency: Turkish Lira (YTL). With Beijing in time difference: GMT than two hours early; six hours later than Beijing International telephone code: 90 National Anthem: "independence march" National Flag: rectangular, length and width ratio of 3:2. Flag red flag on the side of一弯a white crescent and a white five-pointed star. Red symbolizes the blood and victory; crescent and five-pointed star symbol to drive away the darkness and usher in a bright, but also indicates that the Turkish people of the faith of Islam, but also a symbol of happiness and good fortune. National Emblem:一弯features of the crescent and a five-pointed star, meaning the same as with the national flag. Sometimes under the stars on a red and oval-shaped, its top that says "the Republic of Turkey." Turkey is the birthplace of China along the Altai Mountains in Xinjiang, known as the Turks. Before 7000 BC, Anatolia inhabited began, around 1900 BC and India occupied欧赫ladder, they then set up a world power, about 1200 BC until the demise of. Later, Lydian and Phrygian invaded Anatolia, but the eastern part of the Kingdom of Armenia by the local rule. 6th century BC, Persian Empire occupied the region, and then experienced the rule of Greece into the final l in the first century BC also experienced the rule of the Romans. Armenia has always been hostile to the Kingdom of the Romans (and later Byzantine people), and later with the rest of the boundaries between萨萨尼亚States. Byzantine rule, the Emperor Constantine to Constantinople (now Istanbul) as the capital. The 11th century, the Turkic nomadic tribes, "Wu Si" invaded Anatolia. "Wu Si" Kay a tribe in the 12th century, occupied the eastern and central Anatolia. Kay Osman I, who established the Ottoman moving. Ottoman expansion in its initial stage, once the Turks against the Islamic faith to maintain a major force in Byzantine Empire. 13 ~ 14 century, the Ottoman who won the Xi'an纳托利亚and Byzantine territories in South-Eastern Europe, the Balkan countries these Christians become their vassal, and the conquest of the East Anatolian Turkoman principality. The 15th century, the Balkan countries of奥斯曼苏丹forced the introduction of direct rule, and conquer Constantinople (1453), to the east to the Euphrates (1468), west of Hungary's territory are classified as within the scope of its rule. End of the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire at its peak, its territory, including most of the Balkan countries, the majority of the territory of Hungary, Central Europe and the Middle East and North Africa most. Suleiman I (1494,1566) rule, the empire in the political, administrative and financial decline began. To 1718, Austria has the Turks out of Hungary, Russia annexed the Crimea in 1783. The 19th century, the Ottoman Empire and Egypt lost control of most of the Balkan countries. The initial "Millett" system to allow different religious beliefs of local self-government of ethnic minorities, but in the late 19th century, this system began to collapse, leading to increased unrest, the end of World War I period to Armenians suffered genocide of the Holocaust. 1908, the party launched the revolutionary youth of Turkey, attempting to restore the Empire, but in the Balkans continues to suffer military defeat and territorial loss. Turkey during the First World War From the standpoint of German and Austro-Hungarian Empire side. After the war, Turkey lost its Arab provinces and parts of Asia Minor, but after a brutal civil war and the war on Greece, Turkey is now in the territory of the Lausanne meeting in 1923 was determined to become a Republic of Turkey, by Kay Seoul at the end of the first president. Sudan and the Ottoman Caliphate system was abolished in Turkey Kemal began under the leadership of the process of modernization. Kemal fundamentally reform Turkey's political, economic and social systems. He advocated a new ideology of national identity, so that non-religious Turkish society, and to reduce the dominance of Islam and to replace the Arabic alphabet with the Latin alphabet to write Turkish. He also implemented a state-controlled economic development policies, since confirmed that this policy has far-reaching impact. Kemal in 1938 after the death of, parliamentary politics and the multi-party system in Turkey has been gradually established, although there had been a short period of instability and military rule during the period. During the Second World War, Turkey remained neutral, the post-war alliance with the West and the U.S. military and economic aid. Turkey participated in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1952), is the "Balkan Pact" of the signatory (1953), participated in the "Treaty of Baghdad" (1955, later renamed the Central Treaty Organization), participated in the European Economic Cooperation Organization and the European Commission. Turkey and Greece in 1959 lasted for 3 years to resolve the Cyprus dispute. Turkey after the establishment of the Second Republic, in 1961 a new constitution was adopted. In 1963, Turkey became a member of the Common Market. Cyprus between Greek and Turkish disputes, resulting in 1963 in a civil war taking place there. Greece and Turkey are at the brink of war,