培根随笔论友谊 论逆境原文

培根随笔论友谊 论逆境原文

论友谊（培根） “唯有圣人与野兽，才能在孤独中，自得其乐。”——这句话表达的观点，有对有错。对社会的恨，对社会的排斥，这种倾向，不管出现在谁身上，都是兽性的表现，并没有什么神圣的成分。除非他离群索居，不是为了享受孤独带来的快乐，而是出于对更高级的交流的追求。在一些异教徒身上，这样的追求徒有虚名，比如加拿大人艾皮蒙埃德、罗马人努摩、西西里岛人埃皮多科，以及他拿人阿婆罗诺。只有为数不多的古代隐士与及圣洁的神父，才让我们看到这样的追求的存在。人们很少能明白，孤独为何物，孤独存于何处。熙攘的人群中，没有你的同伴，那里没有爱：目光所触，一张张好像是从美术展览馆的图像上复制下来的脸孔，冷若冰霜；耳朵所闻，那些高谈阔论，跟钹发出的叮咚声没什么区别。拉丁语里有句格言，也表达相似的意思：一座城市，一片荒野。这是因为，居住在大城市里，可以做朋友的人散落在大街小巷，与你比邻而居的情况，少之又少。进一步说，纯粹而惨淡的孤独，就是对真正朋友的渴求——没有朋友，世界就是一片荒野，空虚而寂寥。天性注定一些人永远与友谊无缘，这也是一种孤独；但这种孤独，与野兽的孤独相同，无关人性。 人有悲欢离合。友谊之重要在于，它能够稀释排解我们心头郁结的情绪。因阻塞而引起的疾病，对我们身体的危害尤大，远甚于思想上的闭塞。萨洒（药名，音译）清肝，铁能通脾，硫磺的气味通肺，卡脱露（药名，音译）明脑。唯有朋友，才能让人敞开心扉，除此外别无他物。你将与他一起，带着向善的心情，分担悲伤、恐惧、怀疑，分享欢乐、希望、忠告。 原文： Of friendship IT HAD been hard for him that spake it to have put more truth and untruth together in few words, than in that speech, Whatsoever is delighted in solitude, is either a wild beast or a god. For it is most true, that a natural and secret hatred, and aversation towards society, in any man, hath somewhat of the savage beast; but it is most untrue, that it should have any character at all, of the divine nature; except it proceed, not out of a pleasure in solitude, but out of a love and desire to sequester a man’s self, for a higher conversation: such as is found to have been falsely and feignedly in some of the heathen; as Epimenides the Canadian, Numa the Roman, Empedocles the Sicilian, and Apollonius of Tyana; and truly and really, in divers of the ancient hermits and holy fathers of the church. But little do men perceive what solitude is, and how far it extendeth. For a crowd is not company; and faces are but a gallery of pictures; and talk but a tinkling cymbal, where there is no love. The Latin adage meeteth with it a little: Magna civitas , magna solitudo; because in a great town friends are scattered; so that there is not that fellowship, for the most part, which is in less neighborhoods. But we may go further, and affirm most truly, that it is a mere and miserable solitude to want true friends; without which the world is but a wilderness; and even in this sense also of solitude, whosoever in the frame of his nature and affections, is unfit for friendship, he taketh it of the beast, and not from humanity. A principal fruit of friendship, is the ease and discharge of the fulness and swellings of the heart, which passions of all kinds do cause and induce. We know diseases of stoppings, and suffocations, are the most dangerous in the body; and it is not much otherwise in the mind; you may take sarza to open the liver, steel to open the spleen, flowers of sulphur for the lungs, castoreum for the brain; but no receipt openeth the heart, but a true friend; to whom you may impart griefs, joys, fears, hopes, suspicions, counsels, and whatsoever lieth upon the heart to oppress it, in a kind of civil shrift or confession.