英语问题、、

完成时讲解 详细

　基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done) 　　①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. 　　②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语. 　　③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. 　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） 　　定义：　（1） 强调动作是过去发生的 　　（2） 强调对现在的影响或结果 　　（3） 在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。 　　但过去分词一定要选择准确。

用法　　（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.

　　　I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)

　　Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)

　　Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)

　　He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)

　　（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.

　　　①for+时段 为。。。。时间

　　②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）

　　③since+时段+ago

　　④since+从句（过去时）

　　●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）

　　Mary has been ill for three days.

　　I have lived here since 1998.

　　●注：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词

　　come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in

　　go out----be out

　　finish----be over

　　open----be open

　　die----be dead

　　………………

　　★1.have代替buy

　　My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

　　★2、用keep或have代替borrow

　　I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.

　　★3、用be替代become

　　How long has your sister been a teacher?

　　★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold

　　Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.

　　★5、用wear代替put on

　　b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词

　　1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill

　　3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep

　　5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave

　　7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut

　　9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose

　　c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词

　　1“be＋on”代start,begin

　　2“be＋up”代get up

　　3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to

　　4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等

　　d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词

　　1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to

　　2.用be in the army 代替join the army

　　3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to

[编辑本段]常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表

　　：

　　常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：

　　1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.

　　→have been in sw./at…相应的介词

　　2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back

　　3. have come/gone out →have been out

　　4. have become → have been

　　5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open

　　6. have got up → have been up；

　　7. have died → have been dead；

　　8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.

　　9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；

　　10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；

　　11. havemarried → have been married；

　　12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；

　　13. have begun → have been on

　　14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had

　　15. have lost → haven’t had

　　16. have put on →have worn

　　17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；

　　18. have got to know → have known

　　19. have/has gone to → have been in

　　20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army