求宾语从句讲解

我觉得这里很难,谁能详细讲解下

【复习目标】

▲掌握宾语从句的语序。▲掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词。

▲掌握宾语从句中，主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应。

【课前准备】要求学生回顾宾语从句的概念及其用法，并用各种引导词各造一个句子。

【知识要点】

1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语，从句放在主句之后，前后不用逗号分开。

2.引导宾语从句的词有：

连词that(在口语中that常可省略)，if, whether,如：

He knows that Jim will work hard.

连接代词who, whom, which等，如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

连接副词when, where, how, why等，如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station?

3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后，

不定式之前，与or not连用，在句首或在引导表语从句，同位语从句时，只能用whether,如：I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesn't know whether to stay or not?

4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应，即：当主句谓语动词是过去式时，从句中谓语动

词也要用过去范畴的时态，但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律，其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时，如：

He asked who could answer the question.

My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.

6.一个宾语从句只能用一个连词。

7.当主句谓语动词是think, believe等动词时，宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外，当主句主语为第一人称时，后面若接附加疑问句，那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致。如：

I don't think he looks like his father, does he?

8.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句，直接引语是引述别人的原话，放在引号内，

不用连词联接；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，通常用连接词与主句联接。

(1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，如：

He said,“I'm happy.”[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy.

(2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句，如：

He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?”

---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.

(3)特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，如：

He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”

---He asked me where Mr Wang was.

注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化。

买一本语法书。

复习目标】 ▲掌握宾语从句的语序。▲掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词。 ▲掌握宾语从句中，主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应。 【课前准备】要求学生回顾宾语从句的概念及其用法，并用各种引导词各造一个句子。 【知识要点】 1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语，从句放在主句之后，前后不用逗号分开。 2.引导宾语从句的词有： 连词that(在口语中that常可省略)，if, whether,如： He knows that Jim will work hard. 连接代词who, whom, which等，如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 连接副词when, where, how, why等，如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station? 3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后， 不定式之前，与or not连用，在句首或在引导表语从句，同位语从句时，只能用whether,如：I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesn't know whether to stay or not? 4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应，即：当主句谓语动词是过去式时，从句中谓语动 词也要用过去范畴的时态，但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律，其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时，如： He asked who could answer the question. My father told me that the earth goes around the sun. 6.一个宾语从句只能用一个连词。 7.当主句谓语动词是think, believe等动词时，宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外，当主句主语为第一人称时，后面若接附加疑问句，那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致。如： I don't think he looks like his father, does he? 8.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句，直接引语是引述别人的原话，放在引号内， 不用连词联接；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，通常用连接词与主句联接。 (1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，如： He said,“I'm happy.”[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy. (2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句，如： He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?” ---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green. (3)特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，如： He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?” ---He asked me where Mr Wang was. 注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化。

1. 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。 2. 宾语从句：短语动词 please go and find out when the train will arrive. 请去弄清楚火车什么时候到。 his teacher pointed out that tom hadn't studied hard enough. 老师指出汤姆学习不够努力。 that depends on how you do it. 那得看你怎么做的。 3. 宾语从句：及物动词 everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees. 谁都知道钱不是长在树上。 have you decided where you will go for a holiday? 你有没有决定到什么地方去度假？ 4. 宾语从句：介词的宾语 i am curious as to what they are going to do next. 我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。 the twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the other one. 这对双胞胎姐妹的区别，仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。 i am interested in what she is doing. 我对她做的事感兴趣。 5. 宾语从句：否定的转移 有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。 i don't suppose you're used to this diet. = i suppose you aren't used to this diet. 我想你不习惯这种饮食。 i didn't expect she would pass the entrance examination. = i expected she wouldn't pass the entrance examination. 我以为她不能通过入学考试。 6. 虚拟语气：宾语从句 一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用should+原形动词结构,should往往可以省略。这类动词有: advice, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest等。 i suggested that he study harder. 我建议他用功一些。（这一题要特别注意：为什么study用原形。） i insisted that he (should) go. 我强调他应当去。 7. 宾语从句的省略 引导宾语从句的that之后接的从句不长时，可以省略。如果that后面的宾语从句较长时，that不能省略。 i hope (that) you'll be fine soon. 我希望你尽快康复。

宾语从句（一） 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句常由that引导，在口语中常省略。 当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的 影响，按需要可以使用任何时态。如： She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时） She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时） She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。（从句是现在完成时） 当主句谓语是过去时态，从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如： He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。（从句是一般过去时） He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。（从句是过去将来时） He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。（从句是过去进行时） *当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理（事实）时， 宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如： The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。 She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. 她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。 He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。 宾语从句（二） 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 引出名词性从句的连词whether和if，在引出宾语从句时，用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句，而whether除了引出宾语从句外，还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。例如： We don't know whether (if) it is right. 我们不知道它是否正确。 The question is whether she should do that. 问题在于她是否应该做那件事。 Whether it is true remains a question. 是真是假还是个问题。 试比较： 当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时，引出的是宾语从句。例如： I don't know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。 当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲，则引出状语从句。例如： I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间，我将到那儿去。