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英语 with的复合结构

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解决时间 2021-03-21 06:25
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最佳答案
with+宾语+宾补
有这些词和短语可以做宾补:1、形容词 2、副词 3、介词短语 4、现在分词 5过去分词 6、不定式
with the window closed(closed为形容词)
with the light on
with a book in her hand
with a cat lying in her arms
with the problem solved
with the new term to begin
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WITH STH DOING 动词主动 WITH STH DONE 动词被动 WITH STH TO DO 动词表要做 WITH STH+副词 WITH STH+形容词 WITH STH+介词短语
望采纳 With复合结构 with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、 with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下: 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词; 例句:He is used to sleeping with the windows open. 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词; 例句:She left the room with all the lights on. 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语; 例句:He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand. 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式; 例句:With so much work to do, I have no time for a holiday. 5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 例句:We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.(现在分词表示主动动作,即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的) With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.(过去分词表示被动,with后面的宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系) 6. without+名词/代词+补语 例句:Possibly this person died withont anyone knowing where the coins were hidden. He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone noticing (him). with the winter is coming 二. with复合结构的句法功能 1. with 复合结构,在句中表状态或说明背景情况,常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。 例句:With machinery to do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops. 由于所有的工作都是由机器进行,他们将很快收完庄稼。(原因状语) The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm. 这个孩子总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。(伴随状语) The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵要他背对着他父亲站着。(方式状语) With spring coming on, trees turn green. 春天到了,树变绿了。(时间状语) 2. with 复合结构可以作定语 Anyone with its eyes in his head can see it’s exactly like a rope. 任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。
with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、 with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下: 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词; 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词; 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语; 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式; 5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 下面分别举例: 1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语) 2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语) 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语) 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ,作伴随状语) Without anything left in the with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重 要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、 with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二 部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下: 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词; 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词; 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语; 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式; 5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 下面分别举例: 1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语) 2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语) 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语) 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ,作伴随状语) Without anything left in the cupboard, shewent out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语) 二、with结构的用法 在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。 With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如: 1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs. 2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. 3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. 三、 with结构的特点 1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如: With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.) 2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如: He could not finish it without me to help him. 四、 几点说明: 1. with结构在句子中的位置: with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。 2. with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区别: 在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。 例如: With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路) With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路) He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着) 3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别: with结构具有上述功能和特点,而\"介词with+名词或代词(组)\"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。 4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系: with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散;而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能;独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with结构则不能。 独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。例如: There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(\"with+复合宾语\"结构,在句中作定语) A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语) The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语) Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况) board, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语) 二、with结构的用法 在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。 With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如: 1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs. 2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. 3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. 三、 with结构的特点 1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如: With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.) 2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如: He could not finish it without me to help him. 四、 几点说明: 1. with结构在句子中的位置: with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。 2. with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区别: 在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。 例如: With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路) With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路) He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着) 3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别: with结构具有上述功能和特点,而\"介词with+名词或代词(组)\"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。 4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系: with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散;而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能;独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with结构则不能。 独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。例如: There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(\"with+复合宾语\"结构,在句中作定语) A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语) The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语) Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况)
■“with+复合宾语结构”按其构成可分为——— 1、with+宾语+介词短语 1).English lessons are broadcast every day on the radio with explanations in English and other languages.广播电台每天播放英语课程,并用英语或其他语言进行解说。 2).BBC English broadcasts programmes for China with explanations in Chinese.英语对中国广播的节目是用汉语进行解释的。 2、with+宾语+现在分词 1).The Yangtze River is very busy with so many boats and ships coming and going every day.每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌。 2).The young woman,with a baby sleeping in her arms,was wandering in the street.那位年轻妇女,怀抱一个熟睡的婴儿,漫步在大街上。 3、with+宾语+过去分词 1).The boy was crying with the toy broken.玩具破了,那男孩在哭。 2).You should go to sleep with the light turned off.你应该把灯熄了再睡。 4、with+宾语+动词不定式 1).With so many essays to write,he won’t have time to go shopping this morning.他有那么多文章要写,今天没有时间去买东西。 2).With the dictionary to help him,he tried to finish reading the story-book.借助词典,他试着把这本书读完。 5、with+宾语+形容词 1).With the door open,the noise of the machine is almost deafening.由于门开着,机器的噪音几乎震耳欲聋。 2).With the floor wet,I had to stay outside.由于地板潮湿,我只得呆在屋外。 6、with+宾语+副词 1).With her sister out,she had to stay at home alone.因为她的姐姐出去了,她只得独自呆在家里。 2).The little boy sat in front of the house,with his shoes off.这个小男孩站在房子前面,他把鞋子给脱了。 ■“with+复合宾语结构”按其用法可分为——— 1、作状语 表示行为方式或伴随、表示时间、表示原因、表示条件、表示补充说明等。 例句: With the meeting over,we left the meeting-room.会议结束后,我们离开了会议室。 With the teacher ill,we have to study by ourselves.由于老师生病了,我们不得不自学。 With time permitting,we will visit the summer Palace.如果时间许可的话,我们将参观颐和园。 He entered the room with his nose red with cold.他进屋来了,鼻子都冻红了。 2、作定语 1).The woman with a baby in her arms is Li Ping’s mother.抱小孩的那个妇女是李平的母亲。 2).The southern part of the island is a separate country,called the Republic Ireland with Dublin as its capital.该岛南部则是另外一个国家,叫做爱尔兰共和国,首都是都柏林。 3、作主语补足语和宾语补足语 1).The next morning the lake was found with a thin sheet of ice on.第二天早上,人们发现湖面上结了一层冰。 2).She saw a book with red flowers and green grass on boss sides.她看见一条小溪,两岸长满红花绿草。 要注意的是,在with的复合结构中,with大都无含义,译成汉语时往往省略。但如果是without复合结构,就一定译出来,因为without有否定意义。如: 1).Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.可能这个人去世后,无人知道这批硬币藏于何处。 2).Without anyone to talk to the whole afternoon,he felt very lonel.整个下午他没有人可以交谈,他感到很寂寞。
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