一道英文题--很急！！

explain in detail and give examples of each of these three communication methods how you would apply these in the workplace.

Oral,written,non-verbal.

(1)Oral：

· listening and understanding;

· speaking clearly and directly;

· writing to the needs of the audience;

· negotiating responsively;

· reading independently;

· empathising;

· using numeracy effectively;

· understanding the needs of internal and external customers;

· persuading effectively;

· establishing and using networks;

· being assertive;

· sharing information; and

· speaking and writing in languages other than English.

(2)written:

· Avoid alliteration. Always.

· Prepositions are not words to end sentences with.

· Avoid cliches like the plague--they're old hat.

· Employ the vernacular.

· Eschew ampersands & abbreviations, etc.

· Parenthetical remarks (however relevant) are unnecessary.

· It is wrong to ever split an infinitive.

· Contractions aren't necessary.

· Foreign words and phrases are not apropos.

· One should never generalize.

· Eliminate quotations. As Ralph Waldo Emerson said, "I hate quotations. Tell me what you know."

· Comparisons are as bad as cliches.

· Profanity sucks.

· Don't be redundant; don't use more words than necessary. It's highly superfluous.

· Be more or less specific.

· Understatement always is best.

· Exaggeration is a billion times worse than understatement.

· One-word sentences? Eliminate.

· Analogies in writing are like feathers on a snake.

· The passive voice is to be avoided.

· Go around the barn at high noon to avoid colloquialisms.

· Even if a mixed metaphor sings, it should be derailed.

· Who needs rhetorical questions?

(3)non-verbal:

There are many different types of nonverbal communication. Together, the following nonverbal signals and cues communicate your interest and investment in others.

Facial expressions

The human face is extremely expressive, able to express countless emotions without saying a word. And unlike some forms of nonverbal communication, facial expressions are universal. The facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust are the same across cultures.

Body movements and posture

Consider how your perceptions of people are affected by the way they sit, walk, slouch or stand up straight, or hold their head. The way you move and carry yourself communicates a wealth of information to the world. This type of nonverbal communication includes your posture, bearing, stance, and subtle movements.

Gestures

Gestures are woven into the fabric of our daily lives. We wave, point, beckon, and use our hands when we’re arguing or speaking animatedly–expressing ourselves with gestures often without thinking. However, the meaning of gestures can be very different across cultures and regions, so it’s important to be careful to avoid misinterpretation.

Eye contact

Since the visual sense is dominant for most people, eye contact is an especially important type of nonverbal communication. The way you look at someone can communicate many things, including interest, affection, hostility, or attraction. Eye contact is also important in maintaining the flow of conversation and for gauging the other person’s response.

Touch

We communicate a great deal through touch. Think about the messages given by the following: a firm handshake, a timid tap on the shoulder, a warm bear hug, a reassuring pat on the back, a patronizing pat on the head, or a controlling grip on your arm.

Space

Have you ever felt uncomfortable during a conversation because the other person was standing too close and invading your space? We all have a need for physical space, although that need differs depending on the culture, the situation, and the closeness of the relationship. You can use physical space to communicate many different nonverbal messages, including signals of intimacy, aggression, dominance, or affection.

Voice

We communicate with our voices, even when we are not using words. Nonverbal speech sounds such as tone, pitch, volume, inflection, rhythm, and rate are important communication elements. When we speak, other people “read” our voices in addition to listening to our words. These nonverbal speech sounds provide subtle but powerful clues into our true feelings and what we really mean. Think about how tone of voice, for example, can indicate sarcasm, anger, affection, or confidence.