回答题。谢谢

浅谈定语从句的用法

一、主语和谓语一致

1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。例如：

The boy who is standing at the door is my son.

站在门旁的男孩是我的儿子。

2. 在“ one of the + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。在“ the only one of the + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中， one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。例如：

This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.

这是本科目写得最好的书之一。

This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.

这是有关这个主题惟一写得最好的书。

二、关系代词的省略

在限制性定语从句中，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略；作宾语时在口语中可以省略。例如：

A plane is a machine that can fly.

飞机是一种会飞的机器。

The finger (that) I put into my mouth was not the one (that) I had dipped into the cup.

我放在嘴里的那一个指头不是我浸在杯子里的那个。

三、正确使用 that 和 which

1. that 指物，有时也可以指人。 which 指物，不能指人。 which 可以引导非限制性定语从句，也可以放在介词后面， that 则不能。例如：

正在看报的那个男人是谁？

Who is the man that is reading the newspaper? （正）

Who is the man which is reading the newspaper? （误）

她住的房间很大。

The room in which she lives is a large one. （正）

The room in that she lives is a large one. （误）

2. 先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词 next ， last ， very ， any ， little ， no 等修饰时，用 that 而不用 which 来引导定语从句。例如：

这是我看过的最好的电影。

This is the best film that I have seen. （正）

This is the best film which I have seen. （误）

3. 先行词是 all ， much ， little ， none 等时，用 that 而不用 which 来引导定语从句。例如：

我想说的就这么多。

That's all that I want to say. （正）

That's all which I want to say. （误）

4. 先行词是不定代词 something ， anything ， everything 时，一般用 that 而不用 which 来引导定语从句。例如：

本店有你想买的东西吗？

Is there anything that you want in this shop? （正）

Is there anything which you want in this shop? （误）

5. 先行词是人和物时，要用 that 而不用 which 或 who 来引导定语从句。例如：

他谈到了一些我们大家都不了解的作家和书。

He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. （正）

He talked about some writers and books which / who were unknown to us all. （误）