英语翻译In those days pawnshops were almost always family-owed b

英语翻译
In those days pawnshops were almost always family-owed businesses.As with the Lombards in Bruges,a key factor in the success of a pawnshop was the lender’s ability to appraise the value of the collateral.After he had received some training,a son wishing to enter his father’s business was given $200 and sent out into the secondhand market to buy and sell at a profit.If he did well,he was next given $500 to further test his ability to buy low and sell high.“If he could not turn out a profit,he was not fit for the business.”21
It is difficult to determine the exact number of pawnshops in the U.S.,because there are entities that resemble pawnshops in some respects that should not be considered as pawnshops.There are buy/sell shops that buy items from consumers,promise to hold them for a short period—say a month—during which time consumers may repurchase them at a higher price.After that period,the shops may sell the goods and keep the proceeds.These firms are often not licensed or regulated by the state and may operate only on weekends or travel from place to place.More recently,firms have opened offices to make loans secured by automobile titles.However,unlike pawnshops,they do not take possession of the vehicles unless the borrower defaults.A further difference from pawnshops is that their loans are typically much larger,and they are often not
licensed or regulated by the state.While they sometimes call themselves “auto pawn” or similar labels,they are not pawnshops in the traditional sense.

在那些时候几乎所有的当铺都是家庭经营.例如Bruges(比利时的旅游城市)的Lombards时期.当铺能够成功经营的一个关键因素是掌柜能够真确估计抵押品价格的高超本事.一个初出茅庐的小子,在接受了最初的一些训练之后,父亲会给他200元钱去二手货市场进行实际的操作,看能否通过一买一卖赚得利润.假如首战告捷,那么将再给上500元,再次验证他低买高卖的本事.假如他不能通过买卖赚得利润.那么他是不适合这个行当的.
很难确切计算出美国所有的当铺数量,原因是,有很多的商业实体是对传统意义上的当铺在某些方面进行了变革的结果,所以这样的实体可能不再是一般的当铺了.比方有一些“买卖店”它们从消费者手上买进东西,并承诺在较短期限内不会卖出,例如一个月之内,在此期间,消费者可以通过出较高价格将东西买回.但期限之后,商店可以将东西卖出并获得收益.这些实体往往不在州政府登记,并且只在周末的时候营业,并且这些机构的场所也往往不固定.最近,一些公司开设了办公室,提供汽车抵押的贷款.但和当铺不一样的是,这些营业机构只在消费者违约的情况下才占有当品.另外和当铺不同的地方是这些机构的贷款数额更大.并且不在州政府进行登记也不接受监督.有时它们称自己是“汽车当铺”,或者类似的名称,但和传统意义上的当铺是不同的.