初中生英语阅读翻译！

第一篇：

One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations (适应) was Charles Darwin. He was born in England in 1809. He wasn’t the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors observing (观察) nature more than attending medical classes. He dropped out without graduating.

    Next, Charles’s father sent him to school to become a minister (牧师). This time he made it to graduation. But he didn’t want to do the work of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science.

    After graduation, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist. He wasn’t the first choice, but he was the lucky one to go. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. The crew' s task was to make maps of the places they visited.

On December 27th, 1831, Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five. During this time, he saw many amazing things. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to study.

    Twenty-three years later, Darwin published an important scientific paper with another man named Wallace. Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring (后代). Darwin’s ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study of living things.

第二篇：

The city will start a New plan charging (向……收费) companies according to how much industrial (工业的) waste they produce. The public have been invited to give their suggestions on the new plan.
     If transport(运输)companies without licenses deal with industrial waste. They will face a fine of up to 20,000 yuan. If transport companies with licenses leak (泄露) waste during the transportation, they will be fined between 1,000 and 5,000 yuan.
     Individuals who mix industrial waste with daily rubbish will face a fine of 200 yuan. Companies that give away industrial waste on roads, bridges, river banks, and greenery belts will face fines from3,000 to l O,000 yuan, according to the new plan.
    The plan says the money collected from companies will be spent on research into recycling(回收利用)waste. It also encourages companies to use Fie~&,ways to tuI—n waste into useful products. The city will produce around 10 million tons of industrial waste every year during the 11^th five—years program period(2007—2012)and the waste will take up 67,000 hectares of land.