1. 澳大利亚历史概览
澳大利亚一词，原意是“南方大陆”。早在4万多年前，土著居民便生息繁衍于澳大利亚这块土地上，现在澳大利亚土著居民总数是41万3千人（2001年数据）。据有关史料记载，1606年，西班牙航海家托勒斯的船只驶过位于澳大利亚和新几内亚岛（伊里安岛）之间的海峡；同年，荷兰人威廉姆·简士的杜伊夫根号涉足过澳大利亚并且是首次有记载的外来人在澳大利亚的真正登陆。1770年，英国航海家发现澳大利亚东海岸，将其命名为“新南威尔士”，并宣布这片土地是英国的属土。
英国人首先把澳大利亚作为一个流放囚犯的地方。1788年1月18日,由菲利普船长率领的一支有6艘船的船队共1530人抵达澳大利亚的园林湾，当中有736名囚犯。八天后，他们正式在澳大利亚杰克逊港建立起第一个英国殖民区，这个地方后来人口不断增长而成为澳大利亚现在的第一大城市悉尼，这个名字是为了纪念当时的英国内政大臣悉尼。现在，每年的1月26日是澳大利亚的国庆日。
1790年，第一批来自英国的自由民移居澳大利亚，以悉尼为中心，逐步向内陆发展，至1803年，殖民区已拓展到今日的塔斯曼尼亚。初期的殖民地仅赖以农业生存，其后便利用天然条件发展畜牧业。至1819年，澳大利亚的畜牧业已有了较大发展。当时的麦卡瑟船长培育了澳大利亚最早的螺角羊。殖民地生产的羊毛不仅自给，而且向英国出口，为澳大利亚换回生活必需品。至1850年，澳大利亚的牧羊业已很发达，羊只存栏总数达1800万头，当时英国进口羊毛总量的一半以上来自澳大利亚。悉尼和墨尔本已取代德国汉堡，成为世界上最著名的羊毛集散中心。
十九世纪五十年代，在新南威尔士和维多利亚两州发现金矿。大批淘金者蜂拥而至。澳大利亚人口从40万人激增至110万人。其后许多重要的金矿被一一发现，同期还发现大量矿藏，这些发现，让澳大利亚迅速致富和发展。
An overview of Australian history
Australia, the term was meant to "South China." As early as more than 40,000 years ago, indigenous people have lives and breeds in Australia this land, and now Australia, a total of 410,003 indigenous people thousands of people (2001 data). According to historical records, in 1606 the Spanish navigator of ships transiting Torres is located in Australia and New Guinea Island (Irian Island) between the Strait; the same year, the Dutch William simple root of a disability involved in the Australian Du Yifu and is the first documented alien landing in Australia's real. 1770, British navigator, found that Australia's east coast, will be named "New South Wales", and announced that this piece of land is a British Dependent Territories.
The British first put Australia as an exiled prisoner place. January 18, 1788, led by Captain Philip has a fleet of six ships arrived in Australia a total of 1530 gardens Bay, which has 736 prisoners. Eight days later, they formally established in Australia, Port Jackson the first British colonial zone, this place was the growing population and become Australia's biggest city now in Sydney, this name is to commemorate the then British Home Secretary in Sydney. Now, the annual January 26 is Australia's national day.
In 1790, the first Freedmen emigrated from the United Kingdom, Australia, to Sydney, as the center, and gradually develop the interior, to 1803, the colonial area has been extended to today's Tasmania. Only rely on the early colonial agriculture for their livelihood, their natural conditions, after the development of animal husbandry. To 1819, Australia's livestock industry has made great strides. Captain McCarthy was the first Australian bred sheep conch shell. Colonial wool is not only self-sufficiency in the production, but also exported to the United Kingdom, Australia, in exchange for the necessities of life. To 1850, the Australian shepherd has been a very well-developed, sheep and livestock on hand a total of 18 million, when the United Kingdom for more than half of the total wool imports from Australia. Sydney and Melbourne has been replaced by Hamburg, Germany as the world's most famous wool distribution center.
The nineteenth century, the fifties, in the New South Wales and Victoria, two states found in Gold. An influx of large numbers of gold. Australia's population surged from 40 million to 110 million people. Subsequently a number of important gold deposits were found in 11 during the same period also found that a large number of mineral deposits, these findings allow the rapid enrichment and development of Australia.
1 .Australia history overview
Australia is a word, "south China". As early as in 4 million years ago, the aboriginal people in Australia and breeds in the land, and now Australian aboriginal total is 41 million three thousand (2001). According to historical records, 1606, Spain, a german-born sailing ships passing in Australia and New Guinea island (jaya) strait between, In the same year, the Dutch William JianShi of eve in Australia and is the square root of recorded its first landing in Australia's real. In 1770, British navigator found its Australia's east coast, named "new" and announced that the land is British.
The British first Australia as an exile of prisoners. 1788 January 18, led by captain Philip 6 a fleet of ship arrived in Australia who were 1530 garden, bay 736 prisoners. Eight days later, they officially established in Australia Jackson port first British colonial region, the local population growth and later became the first big city in Australia now in Sydney, the name commemorates the British home secretary at Sydney. Now, every year on January 26, is Australia's National Day.
In 1790, the first batch of freemen emigrated to Australia from Britain to Sydney for the center, gradually move inland, 1803, colonial region has extended to the tasman today. Initial colony on agricultural survive only use natural conditions and the development of animal. To the animal husbandry in 1819, Australia has a bigger development. When the case was the first Australian captain foster screw horn. Colonies of wool only self-sufficient, production and export to Australia to Britain, change to return to the necessities of life. To 1850, Australian shepherd has well developed, the total amount of sheep that British pigs, 1800, more than half of the total import wool from Australia. Sydney and Melbourne has replaced Hamburg, Germany, and become the world's most famous wool distribution center.
The 1850s, in NSW and Victoria state found gold. Large quantities of gold prospectors in droves. Australian population from 40 million surged to 1.1 million people. After many important gold were found, also found that large deposits, these findings, Australia and development to get rich quickly.