When someone steps on your toe by accident, you will hurt plenty．But it hurts even more, i

When someone steps on your toe by accident, you will hurt plenty．But it hurts even more, if you think the person does the same thing on purpose．Earlier studies have found that the feeling of pain can change with how it is experienced．That is why giving people sugar pills and saying they are medicine can make them feel better．
This study examined whether self-reported pain is indeed higher when the events producing the pain are understood as intentionally caused by another person．For the study, the researchers told 40 volunteers that they were going to do a series of tasks, including color matching, number counting and discomfort assessment．This last task involved their receiving a brief electric shock to the wrist．They were told that a partner, sitting in another room, would choose which task they would do, and a computer screen helped them to know their partner’s choice．
In some cases, the volunteers were told their partner had chosen the pain tolerance test．In others, they were told the computers would select the pain tolerance test regardless of their partner’s choice．When volunteers thought that their partners were making the shocks on them on purpose, the feeling made the pain worse．As a matter of fact, they were the same．
This study provides evidence that the experience of pain changes depending upon how they think when people have been harmed．Specifically, the meaning of a harm — whether it was intended — influences the amount of pain it causes．So, although a broken toe may hurt, an intentionally broken toe should hurt more．
【小题1】It can be concluded from the text that ．A．the feeling of pain varies from one person to another k+s-5#uB．long-lasting pain damages people’s healthC．pain is greater if harm seems to be intentionally doneD．people suffer more from accidental pain【小题2】What can we infer from the text?A．People can reduce pain by relaxing．B．Researchers study how pain is caused．C．Everyone should know the effect of pain．D．People should think more about pain．【小题3】What does the underlined word “they” in the third paragraph refer to?A．Volunteers．B．Computers．C．Shocks．D．Pains．【小题4】What’s the author’s attitude to the result of the study? k+s-5#u A．Indifferent．B．Sceptical．C．Disapproving．D．Approving．C

(答案→)C 解析：【小题1】依据第一段第二句，若知道对方故意，感觉更痛苦。【小题2】依据行文内容，人们可以采用多种方式放松，减轻痛苦。【小题3】依据行文逻辑的连贯性，可以推测这里代词指代shocks。【小题4】综合全文信息可以推断，作者对于该研究持赞成态度。

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