什么是状语,定语,谓语,宾语,表语,不及物动词,及物动词宾语补足语这些都有哪些词构成,可以举例子,

什么是状语,定语,谓语,宾语,表语,不及物动词,及物动词宾语补足语这些都有哪些词构成,可以举例子,

I am a student.am是谓语,在中文中相当于”是”,”做”等动词． a student是宾语．宾语是谓语后面加的名词性的成分． 有的句子没有宾语． 如：I walk.我走路． 定语是修饰语,一般单个词的定语是形容词,用来描述物体的具体特征． 比如：a beautiful woman beautiful 是定语 还有定语从句,是用一个句子作为修饰语：the dress that I bought yesterday 我昨天买的裙子 that I bought yesterday就是定语从句． 状语分原因状语,目的状语,时间状语等． 原因状语：I was late for school because there had been a traffic jam.because there had been a traffic jam就是原因状语． 目的状语：I work hard in order to get good grades.我为了拿好成绩而努力学习． in order to get good grades就是目的状语． 时间状语：As soon as we got home,the rain stopped.我们一到家,雨就停了． As soon as we got home就是时间状语． 此外,还有结果状语．顾名思义,就是表结果的． 比如,他学习努力所以考的好．”所以考的好”就是结果状语． 补语是用作补充说明的． 代词有人称代词等,是名词性的,主要有I,you,he,she,it,they,them等等． 冠词就三个：the,定冠词 a,an,不定冠词． 谓语动词就是指在句子中充当谓语成分的动词．（例子见上）．非谓语动词谓语动词就是指在句子中不充当谓语成分的动词． 从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类.1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb).如：I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议.“How long can I keep the book ”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?” Dr.Bethune set us a good example.白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样.Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质.2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb).如：Birds fly.鸟会飞.It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三；年六月.My watch stopped.我的表停了.She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言.3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词.这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变.试比较：Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员.(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) They left last week.他们是上周离开的.(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同.如：Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手.Does this cloth wash well?这布经得起洗吗?4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况：a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听.英语里这些动词后面常接介词.如：We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站.(at不能省去)(比较：We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课.(to不可省去)(比较：We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去) b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务.Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务

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