关于单词用法的掌握

背单词时有些单词用法多达几十种，考试都用得上吗？（比如说大学英语六级或者是考研）掌握单词是否只需掌握几个关键的用法，麻烦大家解答一下。

1. stop doing/to do

stop to do　停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。
stop doing　停止做某事。
　　They stop to smoke a cigarette.　 他们停下来，抽了根烟。
　　I must stop smoking.　　　　　 我必须戒烟了。
2. forget doing/to do

　forget to do　忘记要去做某事。　(未做)
　forget doing　忘记做过某事。　　(已做)
　The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.
　办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
　He forgot turning the light off.
　他忘记他已经关了灯了。　　　 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
　Don't forget to come tomorrow.
　别忘了明天来。　　　　　　　　 (to come动作未做)
3. remember doing/to do

　remember to do 记得去做某事　　　　 (未做)
　remember doing　记得做过某事　　　 (已做)
4. regret doing/to do

regret to do　 对要做的事遗憾。　　　　　(未做)
regret doing　 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。　　(已做)
　　I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.
我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。
　　I don't regret telling her what I thought.　
我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

5. cease doing/to do

cease to do　 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。
cease doing　 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。

　　That department has ceased to exist forever.
　　那个部门已不复存在。
　　The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.
　　姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。
6. try doing/to do

　try to do　　努力，企图做某事。
　try doing　 试验，试着做某事。

You must try to be more careful.
　你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed.
我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。

7. go on doing/to do

go on to do　做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。
go on doing　 继续做原来做的事。
　 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.
　 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
　 Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.
　 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
8. be afraid doing/to do

be afraid to do　不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"；
be afraid of doing　担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。

She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband.
她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband.
她生怕吵醒她丈夫。 9. be interested doing/to do

　interested to do　　 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。
　interested in doing　 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。

I shall be interested to know what happens.
我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)
I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗?　 (一种想法)
10 mean to doing/to do

　mean to do　 打算、想
　mean doing　意味着
　I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.
　我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
　To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.
　赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

11 begin(start) doing/to do

　begin / start to do sth
　begin / start doing sth.

1)　谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.
　 How old were you when you first started playing the piano?
　 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？
2)　begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do
　　I was beginning to get angry。
　　我开始生起气来。
3)　在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。
　　I begin to understand the truth。
　　我开始明白真相。
4)　物作主语时
　　It began to melt.

12 感官动词 + doing/to do

　　感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do　 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
　
　I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
　昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
　I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）
　昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

平时这些内容都要熟悉，一面关键时刻想不起来，但你不用苛求于此，对于它不常用的意义，只要知道就可，因为这些不常用的词意在具体的语言环境中你才能发现。

因此，如果你想要掌握这些不常用的词意，也就要自己造个句，自己发现在不同语境中词义选择的不同。

就这样···