需要一些关于火力电厂流程的英文资料

需要一些关于火力电厂流程的英文资料

1. Coal Supply
• Coal from the mine is delivered to the coal hopper, where it is crushed to five centimetres (2 inches) in size.
• The coal is processed and delivered by a conveyor belt to the generating plant.
2. Pulverizer
• The coal is then pulverized, or crushed, to a fine powder, mixed with air and blown into the boiler, or furnace for combustion.
3. Boiler
• The coal / air mixture ignites instantly in the boiler.
• Millions of litres of purified water are pumped through tubes inside the boiler.
• Intense heat from the burning coal turns the purified water in the boiler tubes into steam, which spins the turbine (see number four) to create electricity.
4. Precipitator, stack
• Burning coal produces carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
• These gases are vented from the boiler.
• Bottom ash, which is made of coarse fragments that fall to the bottom of the boiler, is removed.
• Fly ash, which is very light, exits the boiler along with the hot gases.
• An electrostatic precipitator (a huge air filter) removes 99.4 per cent of fly ash before the flue gases are dispersed
into the atmosphere.
5. Turbine, generator
• Water in the boiler tubes picks up heat from the boiler and turns into steam.
• The high-pressure steam from the boiler passes into the turbine (a massive drum with thousands of propeller blades).
• Once the steam hits the turbine blades, it causes the turbine to spin rapidly.
• The spinning turbine causes a shaft to turn inside the generator, creating an electric current.
6. Condensers and the cooling water system
• Cooling water is drawn into the plant and circulated through condensers, which cools steam discharged from the turbine.
• Steam from the turbine also passes through the condensers in separate pipes from cooling water.
• The cold water is warmed by the steam, which condenses back into pure water and circulates back to the boiler to begin the process of generating electricity again.
• Cooling water, now warm from the heat exchange in the condensers, is released from the plant.
7. Water treatment plant: water purification
• To reduce corrosion, water must be purified for use in the boiler tubes.
• Other wastewater systems within the plant collect water used to clean pipes and other equipment, and sludge from the water purification process and other processes.
• Waste water is pumped out of the plant and into the holding ponds.
8. Precipitator, Ash systems
• Ash that builds up on the precipitator's plates is vibrated off and collected in large hoppers or bins.
• Fly ash and bottom ash are removed from the plants and hauled to disposal sites or ash lagoons.
• Depending on the market demand, fly ash produced from TransAlta's three plants is sold to the cement industry for construction.
9. Substation, transformer, transmission lines
• Once the electricity is generated, transformers increase the voltage so it can be carried across the transmission lines.
• Once electricity is delivered to substations in cities and towns, the voltage flowing into the distribution lines is reduced, and then reduced again to distribute electricity to customers.

Power is the driving force for a variety of energy into electric energy plants. On the basis of the use of energy in the form of coal-fired power plants can be divided into, water power plants, atomic energy power plants, geothermal power, wind power, and so on.
Thermal power plant referred to as thermal power plants using coal, oil, natural gas and other fuels to produce chemical energy of the plant. According to their function can be divided into two categories, namely, condensing steam power plants and power plant. The former only to the user power supply, and power plant in addition to the supply of electricity users, but also to hot steam and hot water supply users, the so-called "combined heat and power production."
The capacity of thermal power plants of different sizes, in the form of concrete may differ from each other on their production process is similar to the term. On the map is condensing steam coal-fired power plant diagram of the production process.
Coal-fired, coal from the coal belt to transport coal field in the fighting. Large-scale coal-fired power plants to enhance the efficiency of coal combustion are. As a result, coal bucket of coal to the first ground into pulverized coal in coal. Ground hot air to carry coal from the Powder ranked by the fan into the boiler furnace burning inside. After the formation of coal combustion heat boiler flue gas along the level of flue and flue movement of the tail, giving off heat, dust to enter the final, after the burning of coal ash will be separated. Clean the flue gas in the role of the induced draft fan through the chimney into the atmosphere. Used by the combustion air blower into the installation of flue at the rear of the air preheater, the use of hot air gas heating. In this way, so that on the one hand, in addition to the boiler into the air temperature has increased, easy-to-fire and the burning of coal, on the other hand, can reduce exhaust gas temperature to increase the utilization of geothermal energy. From the air pre-heater exhaust hot air into two: one to dry coal and coal transportation, and another directly into the combustion chamber. The burn coal ash falling into the furnace slag of the following fight, and dust from the isolated small gray water together with red mortar to the pumping station, then pumping mortar to gray market.
Deaerator water tank in the water after a water pump to boost after the adoption of high-pressure heaters into the economizer. In the economizer, hot water heating gas, and then enter the boiler at the top of the drum inside. In the boiler furnace clouds around the water pipes, known as the water wall. Water wall and down both ends of the pipe through the box connectivity with the drum, the drum of water constantly circulating through the water wall, absorbing the love of coal combustion to release heat. Some cold water in the wall is heated in boiling water into steam after vaporization, the saturated steam from the drum into the upper part of the outflow in the superheater. Saturated steam superheater in the absorption of heat to continue to become superheated steam. Superheated steam high pressure and temperature, so there are a lot of heat energy. Have the potential heat pipe by the introduction of superheated steam turbine, heat will be converted into kinetic energy. To promote high-speed flow of steam turbine rotor rotation, the formation of mechanical energy.
The steam turbine generator rotor and the rotor shaft through even-linked. When the steam turbine rotor rotation when driven generator rotor rotation. At the other end of the generator rotor with a small DC generator, called exciter. Exciter issued to the DC generator rotor coil, so that the rotor electromagnet into the surrounding magnetic field generated. When the generator rotor rotation, is also a rotating magnetic field, the generator stator wire cutting will have a magnetic induction current line. In this way, then steam turbine generators of electrical energy into mechanical energy. By the power transformer to step-up voltage, the electricity transmission line to the user.
Heat energy released from the steam turbine from the lower part of the exhaust emission of the mouth, called the lack of steam. Lack of steam in the condenser circulating water pump was sent to the condenser cooling water cooling, condenses into water from the new, condensed water into the water. Condensate from the condensation water into the low-pressure heaters and eventually return to the deaerator, the completion of a cycle. In the course of the cycle is hard to avoid the disclosure of soft drinks, that is, the loss of soft drinks, so appropriate to the circulatory system in a number of water supply in order to ensure the normal cycle. High pressure heater at the end of the cycle is to increase the thermal efficiency of the device used, deaerator to remove oxygen-containing water to reduce corrosion of pipes and equipment.
Although the above analysis is more complicated, but from the point of view of energy conversion is very simple, that is, the chemical fuel to heat the steam → → potential energy to mechanical energy →. In the boiler of the total, the chemical energy of fuel into the steam heat; in the steam turbine, steam heat into mechanical energy of the rotating wheels; in the generator in electrical energy into mechanical energy. Furnace, machine, electricity is the main power plant equipment, also known as the host of the three. And the three host complement the work of the equipment into or auxiliary aids. Host and its auxiliary equipment connected to the pipeline, known as the Line, and other systems. The main power plant combustion system, soft drinks, electrical systems and so on.
In addition to the main system, power plant and some other auxiliary production systems, such as the coal transportation systems, chemical treatment of water systems, drainage systems, such as the mortar. These systems work in coordination with the main system, they complete each other's energy production. Large-scale thermal power plants to ensure the normal operation of these devices, thermal power plants with a large number of instruments used to monitor the operation of equipment, as well as set up in the automatic control device, in a timely manner in order to the main Des conditioning equipment. Modernization of thermal power plants, has adopted advanced computer distributed control system. These systems can control the entire production process control and automatic adjustment, according to the different situations of various facilities to coordinate the work of the situation, the entire plant automation level reached a new height. Automatic devices and systems in power plants has become an indispensable part.