else another other others the others有什么区别

以下是我在英语网站上找的,讲得很好：

这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分,而且在用法上有泛指(无the)和特指(有the)之别.其用法区别可归纳如下：
(1). 指单数时的区别
若泛指用another,若特指用 the other.
如：
Give me another (one).
另外给我一个.
Shut the other eye, please.
请把另一只眼睛也闭上.
(2). 指复数时的区别
若泛指用 other(后接复数名词),若特指用the other(后接复数名词).
如：
There are other ways of doing it.
做这事还有其他的办法.
Where have the other students gone?
其他学生都到哪里去了?
(3). others的用法
它永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词).其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”,同样地 the others 大致相当于“the other＋复数名词”.
如：
Other people [Others] may not think that way.
别的人可能不这样想.
He is cleverer than the others [the other students] in her class.
他比班上其他学生聪明.
(4). another的用法
一般只能表单数,且其后接名词也只能接单数名词.但是若其后有数词或 few 修饰时,则也可接复数名词.
如：
We need another few chairs.
我们还需要几把椅子.
In another two weeks it’ll be finished.
再过两个星期就可做完了.
(5). else只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后,其所有格形式是else’s.
如：
Is there anything else you want?
你还要些别的什么吗?
(6). the rest 既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词.而 another, others, the other(s) 只能代替可数名词.
如：
The rest of the milk has gone bad.
其余的牛奶都变质了.
John’s Scottish and the rest of us are Welsh.
约翰是苏格兰人,我们其余的是威尔士人.
6. many 和 much的用法比较
Many,much都意为许多, many + 可数名词,much + 不可数名词.
如：
How many people are there at the meeting?
在这里开会的有多少人?
How much time has we left?
我们还剩多少时间?
7. (a) few 与(a) little的用法区别
(1). (a) few与 (a) little的区别
①. 从所修饰的名词来看：(a) few后接可数名词,且要用复数形式；(a) little后接不可数名词.
如：
We had little time to do it.
我们没什么时间做此事.
There’s only a little soup left.
只剩下一点儿汤了.
He has few friends.
他朋友很少.
I’ll only be away a few minutes.
我只离开几分钟.
②. 从所表示的意思来看：上面提到,两者均可表示数量,其主要区别是,(a) few后接可数名词,(a) little后接不可数名词但是,(a) little还可表示大小.
如：
There are several little towns along the river.
沿河有几个小镇.
■注意体会下面两句,前面的little表示形状或个子“小”,后面的little表示数量“少”：
The little boy is very busy. He has little time to play.
这个小男孩很忙,他很少有时间玩.
It’s a little animal. It eats only a little food.
那是一个小动物,它只吃一点点食物.
③. 从各自的词性来看：在词性方面,两者的共同点是,均可用作形容词或代词；

其不同点是,(a) little 还可用作副词,用以修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语.
如：
He is a little tired.
他有点累了.
They are a little bit better now.
现在他们稍好一点了.
You should walk a little faster.
你应该走快一点.
She was only a little over fifty years old．
她才五十多一点.
(2). 有 a 与没有 a 的区别
不带 a 的little和few 含有否定意义,表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”；带有a 的little和few含有肯定意义,表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”.
比较：
Few people like such things.
没什么人喜欢那样的东西.
A few people like such things.
有少数人喜欢那样的东西.
He knows little English.
他几乎不懂英语.
He knows a little English.
他懂一点点英语.
■注意,当few前不带 a,但带有the, some these, those等修饰语时,也表示肯定意义.
如：
Some few have already left.
有几个已经离开了.
The last few winters have been very cold．
过去几个冬天都很冷.
The first few chapters are about his early days．
前几章谈他的少年时期.
(3). 思维拓展
注意两者比较级和最高级的用法及区别：little的比较级和最高级分别为less和least,
few的比较级和最高级分别为fewer和fewest.
如：
Boys think less about dress than girls do.
男孩子不像女孩子那样爱打扮.
Fewer radios were sold this year than last.
今年卖掉的收音机比去年少.
He tried to finish the work with least money and fewest people.
他设法要用最少的钱和最少的人去完成这项工作.
8. as 与 which：
(1) 引导限制性定语从句时,在 such, as, the same 后只能用 as,其他情况用 which.
如：
He is not such a fool as he looks.
他并不像他看起来那么傻.
He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford.
他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟.
(2) 引导非限制性定语从句时,有时两者可互换,但若位于主句之前,则只能用as.
如：
I live a long way from work, as [which] you know.
我住得离工作单位很远,这你是知道的.
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
月球每月绕地球转一周,这是每个人都清楚的.
另外,as 引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致,which无此限制.
如：
He went abroad, as [which] was expected.
他出国了,这是大家预料到的.
He went abroad, which was unexpected.
他出国了,这让大家感到很意外.(不用as)