宾语从句详细介绍

宾语从句详细介绍

宾语从句 1. 定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句. 2. 构成:关联词+简单句 3. 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类: (1) 从属连词
that.如: He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服. I know he has returned.
我知道他已经回来了. 注: that 在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略.在以下情况下,that
不能省 略. 1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and
连接两个宾 语从句,that 宾语从句放在 and
的后面时,that 不能省略.) 大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道 Tom 非常害怕. 2. know nothing about him except that
he is from the south.(that 引导的宾语从句作 I 介词宾语时,that 不能省略.)
对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人. 3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe. (that
从句位于句首时,that 不可省略.) 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话. 4 . We decided, in view of his special
circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句谓语动词与 that
从句之间有插入语,that 不可省略.) 鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期. (2)从属连词 if/whether.如: I doubt
whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功. I don't know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我.
(3)连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where,
when, how, why. 如: Who or what he was, Martin never learned.
他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道. I wonder what he's writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事.
I'll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来. You may do what you will.
你可做任何你想做的事. (1) 介词宾语从句 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语.如: He was
deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快. I walked over to
where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方. I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么. Your
success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做. 有时介词可以省略.如: I don't care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚.
Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式. 1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用 it
作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置.如: We
thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. 我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的. He has
made it clear that he will not give in. 他已表明他不会屈服. 2. 作介词的宾语:连词 that
引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在 except, but, in 后. 其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词 that 引导, 则需用 it
先行一步, 作形式宾语. 如: He is a good student except that he is careless. 他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心.
You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的. 介词宾语不可以用 which 来引导,而要用
what 来引导.如: Are you sorry for what you've done? 你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗? 3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有 sure, glad,
certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等,连词 that 可省略. 如: I am not
sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么. I'm afraid you don't understand what I
said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思. I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before.
我好奇怪,我以前没看到过. Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴. 4.连词 whether (…or not)或 if 引导的宾语从句 if 和 whether 引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但 whether 常和 or
not 连用,if 一般不与 or not 连用.如: I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假. 用 if
引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用 if 而用
wheter.试比较: Please let me know if you want to go. Please let me know whether you
want to go. if 从句可理解为宾语从句,意为"请告诉我你是否想去";此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为
"如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声". 5.宾语从句的否定转移.在 think, believe,
suppose, expect 等动词后的宾语从句,有时 谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将
think 等动词变为否定形式.如: I don't think you are right. 我认为你错了. I don't believe they
have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作. I don't suppose he cares, does he?
我想他不在意,是吗? 6. 宾语从句的时态变化规律: (1)
当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态. (2) 当主句是一般过去时态时, 从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态. 但客观真理除外. 如: The
teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳运行.

宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 时态：1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时。     2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。     3·主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。 1.宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗? I don’t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel? 你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 2.动词的宾语从句 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮. He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的. 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗? 动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有: make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误. 可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 ①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. ②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to. I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话. He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行. We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的. When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. 开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置. ③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的. 3.介词的宾语从句 用wh-类的介词宾语从句 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的. 用that,if引导的介词宾语从句 有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知. 4.形容词的宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他. 5.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别 ①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if ②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. ③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. ④在不定式前只能用whether. 如： I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 ⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if. 6.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that 当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时; 当宾语从句较长时; 当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时; 当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时; 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略; 当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时; 当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时; 当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时; 当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时; 当宾语从句有it做其先行词时; 在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时. 7.宾语从句的否定转移 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是? 8.宾语从句的时态和语序 当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响. 当主句为过去时的时候 ①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生 I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in. 我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家. He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. 他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<老人与海>. ②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary. ③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱. 如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转. 当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手. 宾语从句，即：在主句中担当宾语的从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which（指事）,who（指人） 1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。 2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在whether…ornot结构中不能用if替换。 3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他三：判断时态情况： 1。主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况 2。主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时 1. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿＿＿ round.   A. was B. is C. were D. are   2. I believe that our team＿＿＿＿ the basketball match.   A. win B. won C. will win D. wins   3. I don’t know＿＿＿＿ to visit the old man.   A. whether B. if C. that D. who The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where 答：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，where不可，which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个…”而此句中并非疑问含义，不知道哪一座庙宇，而是用what从句表陈述含义，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which代替，并在从句中作动词used的宾语，use sth. as…“把…用作… whether + or not 宾语从句，在复合句中作宾语，位于及物动词后； eg． Tell him which class you are in ． Do you know what he likes？ 注：(1)主、从句时态一致： 主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句谓语现在时，从句时态任所需； eg． He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时； eg．He told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . （2）否定前移，及完成反意问句； 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称） eg． I don't think you are right ,are you ? I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ? （3）在表示建议 suggest , advise 要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose； 决定 decide; 命令 order、command; 坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气） eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard． He ordered that we should go out at once． （4）如果宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置 eg．You may think it strange that he would live there． （5）宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略 A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。 eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get bet?鄄ter． B．当it作形式宾语时 eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him． C．当宾语从句前置时 eg．That our team will win，I believe．

宾语从句就是一个句子做宾语，连接宾语从句的连词有：that,who,whom,how,what,where,why,when,if,whether等，当that做连词时，有时候可以省略。

We knew (that) he would come here tomorrow.

Mary asked who could help her.