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哈佛大学哲学教授乔西亚·罗伊斯

乔西亚·罗伊斯（Josiah Royce）（1855—1916年），美国哲学家。罗伊斯是绝对唯心主义在美国最重要的倡导者，绝对唯心主义是由格奥尔格·黑格尔创立的哲学体系。这个体系认为，终级现实由观念组成，人们的心灵能够认识真理是因为人们的心灵是“绝对”（或称“世界精神”）的一部分。罗伊斯要为宗教和上帝的信仰寻找哲学基础。他发展了一种建立在彼此忠诚原则基础上的伦理哲学。

罗伊斯出生在加利福尼亚草原谷，曾在加州大学、约翰·霍普金斯大学和德国求学。1878年到1882年，罗伊斯在加州大学教授英文，从1882年开始至去世，他一直在哈佛大学哲学系任教。

1908年成书的《忠的哲学》在他看来，忠诚自有一个等级体系，也分档次类别。处于底层的是对个体的忠诚，尔后是对团体，而位于顶端的是对一系列价值和原则的全身心奉献。按照罗伊斯的观点，忠诚本身不能以好坏论；可以而且应当加以判断的是人们所忠于的原则，正是依据对这些原则的忠诚程度，人们才能断定是否以及何时应该终止对一个人或团体的效忠。但在商业经营中，人们通常不大考虑忠诚问题，而是仅仅只将它与生活中更为美好的社会机构联系起来，例如家庭、学校、社区等。由于商业关系属于过渡性的、竞争性的、自私自利的，人们便认为它不配享有忠诚待遇。然而罗伊斯所定义并指明特点的忠诚，至少是像人类的其他行为一样与商业紧密相关，也许还更为密切一些。在他看来，商业活动总是在人们对待顾客、投资者、雇员、国家、自身等相互矛盾的各种忠诚之间寻找平衡，是指合作与竞争之间的相互作用和制约。某些企业和某些商人只对短期利益表现出忠诚，有些人的判断极不明智甚至很不道德，可是这些并不会改变一个事实：即人们的几乎所有的行为均会涉及到忠诚问题。

而忠诚的终极议题，恰恰在于依照罗伊斯的等级体系来安排事物的轻重缓急(frederick，2001)。所谓忠诚管理，并不仅仅是指面向个人或团体的忠诚，更重要的是忠于某个企业，长期服务于所有成员的各项原则。具体说来是指仔细的挑选顾客、雇员和投资者，然后想办法留住他们，给予他们是和与环境生存的欲望条件。顾客、雇员、投资者可以说是一个商业体系的基本要素，我们将其称为“忠诚的力量”(frederick，2001)。长期的研究发现，这三种要素之间有着极为微妙的联系：没有忠诚的雇员就不可能有长足发展的企业；不能长足发展的企业，也无法留住忠诚的雇员。而一旦企业和雇员这个忠诚的基础不存在，企业的投资者也不会再保持对企业的支持，顾客和雇员的忠诚也建立在投资者忠诚的基础上。因此，商业忠诚实际上是三维的，即顾客、雇员、投资者三维，其力度、广度和相互关联性远远超过了我们的预想。

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Josiah Royce (November 20, 1855 – September 14, 1916) was an American objective idealist philosopher.

Royce, born in Grass Valley, California, grew up in pioneer California very soon after the California Gold Rush. He received the B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley (at that time located in Oakland) in 1875 where he also accepted an instructorship teaching English composition, literature, and rhetoric. After some time in Germany, where he came to admire Hermann Lotze, the new Johns Hopkins University awarded him in 1878 one of its first four doctorates, in philosophy. He taught a course on the history of German thought, which was “one of his chief interests” because he was able to give consideration to the philosophy of history (Pomeroy, 6). He then taught philosophy, first at the University of California, Berkeley, then at Harvard from 1882 until his death, thanks to the good offices of William James, who was at once Royce's friend and philosophical antagonist.

Royce stands out starkly in the philosophical crowd because he was the only major American philosopher who spent a significant period of his life studying and writing history, specifically the American West, “As one of the four giants in American philosophy of his time […] Royce overshadowed himself as historian, in both reputation and output” (Pomeroy, 2). During his first three years at Harvard, Royce taught many different subjects such as English composition, forensics, psychology and philosophy for other professors. He finally received a position as a professor in 1892. During this time he suffered a breakdown and took a semester off during which he did most of his historical writing (Pomeroy, 3).

Grass Valley Library Royce Branch

Clendenning (1999) is the standard biography. Autobiographical remarks by Royce can be found at Oppenheim (2001). In 1883 he was approached by a publishing company who asked him to write the state history of California, “In view of his precarious circumstances at Harvard and his desire to pursue the philosophical work for which he had come east, Royce found the prospect attractive […]. He wrote to a friend that he was ‘tempted by the money’” (Pomeroy 3). Royce viewed the task as a side project, which he could use to fill his free time. Royce spent a significant period of time writing histories of California, enjoying it so much that he began to write novels set in California in which he was able to include his philosophical ideas. The books were considered to be “the fictional counterpart to his history, in which he developed similar philosophical themes” (Pomeroy, 5). In 1891 his historical writing career came to an end, but not before he had published several novels, reviews of California’s historical volumes, and articles in journals.

Joe Josiah Royce Josiah (Royce) (1855-1916), American philosopher. Royce is absolute idealism in America's most important advocates, absolute idealism is by georg expresses, Hegel's philosophy system established. This system, the ultimate reality by ideas, people's hearts can know the truth because people's mind is "absolute" (or "the spirit of"). Royce for religious and philosophical basis for god's faith. He developed a faithful in each other on the basis of the principle of ethical philosophy.

Royce: born in California, grassland valley at the university of California, the Johns Hopkins university and Germany. 1878 to 1882, Royce in English, a professor at the university of California from 1882 to death at Harvard University, he has been teaching philosophy.

In 1908 the writing of philosophy ", in his opinion, a rating system, its loyalty and divide category. At the bottom of the individual's loyalty is to group, is located in the top, and a series of principles and values of the heart. According to the view of loyalty, Royce itself to stand: The judge can and should be loyal to the principle that is people, on the basis of these principles of loyalty, people can judge whether and when should terminate to a person or group of allegiance. But in business, people usually not considered loyalty problems, but it only with life brighter social institutions, such as family, school, community, etc. Due to business relationship, competitive are transitional, selfishness, people will think it worthy loyalty treatment. However Royce, which are defined and specify characteristics of loyalty, at least, is the same as other human behavior is closely related with the commercial, perhaps more closely. In his view, the commercial activities always treat your customers and investors in people, and employees of, state, oneself contradictory between balancing of loyalty, refers to the cooperation and competition and the interaction between the restriction. Some enterprises and some businessmen for short-term interest only show loyalty, some people judge not wise, but these are immoral even will not change the fact that almost all people will involve loyal behavior problems.

But the ultimate issue, loyalty is a rating system Royce according to arrange things priorities Frederick (2001). So-called loyal management, not just an individual or group of loyalty, more important is to a company, long-term service to all members of the principles. More specifically refers to a careful selection customers, employees and investors, and then trying to keep them and give them to the survival environment and conditions of desire. Customers, employees, investors are the basic elements of a commercial system, we call it the "loyalty" (Frederick strength, 2001). The study found that long-term, the three elements of a very subtle connections between the employee loyalty: no, there can be no rapid development of enterprise, The enterprise can rapid development, also cannot keep loyal employees. But once the enterprise and employees, the loyalty of the foundation of the enterprise investor does not exist, nor to keep the enterprise again, customer support and employee loyalty is established on the basis of loyalty in investors. Therefore, business loyalty is actually three-dimensional, namely customers, employees, and its dynamics, investors three-dimensional breadth and relationship of more than we expected.

哈佛大学哲学教授乔西亚·罗伊斯的介绍是这样的！ Josiah Royce (1855-1916), the American philosopher. Royce is the absolute idealism of the most important advocates in the United States, the absolute idealism was founded by Georg Hegel's philosophy. This system believes that the concept of ultimate reality from the composition of people's hearts can know the truth is because of people's minds is "absolute" (or "World Spirit"), part of it. Royce, for religious and philosophical basis to find belief in God. He developed a loyalty to each other established based on the principle of ethical philosophy. Royce was born in California grassland valley, in the University of California, Johns Hopkins University and the German study. 1878 to 1882, Royce Professor of English at the University of California, from 1882 until his death he had been a lecturer in philosophy at Harvard University. 1908 harvest the book's "philosophy of loyalty" in his view, one loyal to their own hierarchy, but also sub-grade class. At the bottom is the individual's loyalty and then, is the body, and at the top is a series of values and principles of wholehearted devotion. In accordance with Royce's point of view, loyalty in itself can not be good or bad theory; can and should be judged is that people are loyal to the principles, it is based on the degree of loyalty to these principles, people can determine whether and when a person should be terminated or group loyalty. But in business, people often do not consider the loyalty, but it simply will only be more beautiful in life linked to social institutions, such as family, schools and communities. As business relationships are transitional in nature, competitive, selfish, people will think it do not deserve loyalty to treatment. However, as defined by Royce and specify the characteristics of loyalty, or at least act like human beings, like other closely related business, and perhaps some more closely. In his view, business is always in people's treatment of customers, investors, employees, national, self-contradictory and so on to find a balance between the various loyalty is defined as the interaction between cooperation and competition and constraints. Some businesses and some businessmen show only the short-term interests of the faithful, some of them very unwise to judge or even very moral, but they will not change one fact: that almost all of the acts of people will be involved in loyalty. The ultimate loyalty issues, lies precisely in accordance with Royce to arrange things in the hierarchy of priorities (frederick, 2001). The so-called loyalty management, and not just for individuals or groups that loyalty is more important is loyalty to an enterprise, long-term service to all members of the principles. Specifically refers to the careful selection of customers, employees and investors, and then think of ways to keep them, give them is the desire of living and environment conditions. Customers, employees, investors can be said that the basic elements of a commercial system, we will call it "the power of loyalty" (frederick, 2001). The long-term studies have found that these three elements has a very subtle connection: There is no loyalty to employees there can be no long-term development of the enterprise; can not be long-term development of the enterprises, but also unable to retain loyal employees. Once the enterprises and employees of the foundation of this loyalty does not exist, corporate investors will no longer maintain the support of business, customer and employee loyalty have also been established on the basis of loyalty to investors. Thus, business loyalty is actually three-dimensional, that is, customers, employees, investors, three-dimensional, the strength, breadth, and interrelatedness of far more than we expected.