茶树的生长过程英文解说

茶树的生长过程英文解说

【Tea cultivation techniques】 Temperature is the basic conditions for life activity of tea. It affects the geographical distribution of tea, but also restricting the fertility rate of tea. The impact of temperature on the tea, mainly in air temperature and soil temperature of two aspects. Temperature mainly affects the growth of aboveground, ground temperature mainly affects root growth. But the temperature and ground temperature are interrelated. The temperature is concerned, from tropical to temperate tea can be a wide range of adaptation. However, as fertility, there are three point temperature, that is the starting point for tea growing temperature, optimal temperature and low temperature limit.
(1) growth threshold temperature
Causing the average temperature of tea bud growth of funding, described as the starting point of the temperature, in the biological call this temperature is the lowest temperature. Most varieties of tea daily average temperature of the need for stability is above 10 ℃, Chaya began to sprout. But there are a small number of species or the environment due to their differences in less than 10 ℃, has begun to sprout, such as Zhejiang, Pik, Longjing 43, Jiangxi Wuyuan bud as early as the starting point for such Chaya bud temperature is ≥ 6 ℃, such an early bud varieties, at the mining stage earlier than other varieties.
(2) The optimum temperature
Chaya after germination, when the temperatures continue to rise to 14-16 ℃, the Chaya leaves gradually expand. The growth of tea between the optimum temperature is 20-30 ℃, if within this range, then the tea shoots to accelerate growth, the daily average which can stretch for more than 1-2 cm. Most of the tea growing area in China since the Ching Ming Festival (early April) to frost (late October) before the daily average temperatures are between 20-30 ℃, it is the optimum temperature for the growth period of tea and also tea harvesting season.
Biology of the tea growing season effective temperature (daily average temperature of 10 ℃ or above) the cumulative value of funding, described as effective temperature. Appropriate and effective accumulated temperature of tea growing at more than 4000 ℃. China's tea growing area of the annual effective accumulated temperature is generally between 4000-8000 ℃, effective accumulated temperature more years of the longer growing season. The tea-growing areas of China's north and south due to differences in climatic conditions, tea growing period also varied, most tea growing area of the full-year growth period of tea is about 8-9 months, while the recoverable period 7-8 months.
(3) Low temperature limit
Most of our mountains, entered in December to the following year in February after the general average temperature below 10 ℃, Chaya to stop germination, dormant in winter, and even of severe cold frost, for tea seedling, sapling or a bad cold hardiness species are also subject to frost damage. Tea can be the absolute minimum temperature tolerance, as species, age, organ, cultivation management level, the growing season varies such as when the temperature dropped to -2 ℃, the camellia off most of the deaths; 1-2 ℃ when the temperature dropped to the germination of Chaya also Kujiao, while the branch tips of tea have better ability to tolerate low temperatures, tree-type large-leafed species can tolerate -5 ℃ or so; bush-type, the lobular kinds of ability to be able to endure greater number of low-temperature, generally around -10 ℃ If in a snow-covered, you can endure the low temperature of about minus 15 ℃ invasion. In another example, the ability of different varieties of tea cold while different, but the same species in different ecological conditions are not the same performance, such as governance and large white tea in Fujian province would bear -7 ℃ low temperature, while the growth in the tea growing area of South Anhui able to endure -8 to the low temperature ℃ -10 ℃. In general, lower than the tea as "Patience" in low-temperature limit, it will produce frost. The extent of frost damage occurred tea, in addition to high and low temperature are directly related, the duration and low-temperature, wind speed, freezing time is also closely related to the. According to Zhejiang Meteorological Bureau in Zhejiang Shengzhou County investigation, tea during the winter, when the temperature dropped to -6 ℃ about 6 days to freeze a row, the Northwest wind velocity 6-8 m each, the local varieties of tea will be subjected to varying degrees Nenshao The freeze injury; when the minimum temperature dropped to -8 ℃ continuously frozen for more than 12 days will cause serious damage, yellowing old leaves to make tea Nenshao freeze to death. In general, a certain low temperature, low temperature and soil freezing longer, combined with dry northwest winds or early spring, after a sudden cooling climate change warming and so on, will cause the frost level of increase.
While the temperature is too low will suffer frost damage and injury of tea, the temperature is too high can cause heat damage of tea, but have few opportunities to encounter. If the day the average temperature to above 35 ℃, the growth will be inhibited, Japan and the extreme maximum temperature to 39 ℃, and less in the case of rainfall, some tea leaves into a bush plane appeared burns coke transformation and Nenshao wilting, This phenomenon of hot tea harm. Usually shoots and young leaves than in branches more vulnerable to the aging of such adversity hazards.
(4) pollution prevention and control diseases and pests:
Pollution prevention and control diseases and insect pests of tea, according to pests and diseases and tea, farming, beneficial organisms and the relationship between the environment, tailored to the agriculture-based prevention and treatment, combined with biological control, chemical control strategies, pest and disease control will be the extent permitted by inside.
Agricultural prevention and control of agricultural pest control prevention and control focusing on the base to create is not conducive to diseases and insect pests occurring environmental conditions.
1. Rational close planting. Generally use the single row planting method, spaced 15 meters, 0.33 meters away from the bundle, each bundle 3, mu Zaimiao 4000. Root zone soil transplanting, proper deep, to bury the root neck of degrees, stretch roots, proper compaction, so that plant growth robust, well-developed capacity to a corresponding increase in disease and pest resistance.
2. Strengthen management. First, balanced fertilization, according to quantity produced. Shizujifei to organic fertilizer-based and less chemical fertilizers, try to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Second, it is timely pruning and clearing garden. Every year, timely pruning, pests cut leaves to remove dead branches diseases; light pruning depth of 3 to 5 cm, deep-cut 10 to 15 cm, Taiwan mow for 40 cm from the ground. Branches will be buried or burned pest treatment to reduce the ringspot disease of winter tea blight bacteria sources, reducing tea aphid, tea caterpillars, black tea, the winter moth eggs and tea block the small leaf roller, Kuwana residues in the base class. Third Row crop earthing up. This measure can not only improve the soil moisture is conducive to root growth of tea, but also to destroy pests overwintering sites, kill the soil such as winter tea geometrid larvae, deep litter, reduce pathogen base. 4 is a timely picking leaves to stay in batches. This can get rid of the new vine tea, a small leaf roller, leafhopper pests such as the young age of young nymph and egg mass, reduce the blight of tea harm. 5 is a trap and kill pests. Taxis against some pests, using lights, bait, trap and kill Color. Large-scale application of this method is more effective.
A. This is a biological control for human and animal safety, and environmental pollution-free tea and can reduce the cost of an important control measures.
1. Strengthen the parasitic and predatory insects protection. In the tea garden to retain a certain amount of vegetation around pay attention to habitat protection, protect Trichogramma, tea garden spiders, red dot montrouzieri natural enemies of pests such as cockroaches.
2. The use of insect pest control hormones and other biological metabolites. For example, a small tea, tea leaf roller Occurrence may be contiguous with sex attractant trap and kill adults. Production practice can also use the metabolites of beneficial organisms to control pests and diseases.
B. chemical control in strict accordance with indicators for prevention and treatment medication, can not see the insect, see patients on the medication a hurry. Pairs of population density, disease prevention and control indicators index of more than a tea plantation, such as the murder of Bud Polyphagotarsonemus latus accounted for 5% or 20% bud mite eggs, tea caterpillars per mu 7000 ~ 9000, tea leafhopper insects louvres volume 10 ~ 15 the first time, in accordance with national standards for pollution-free tea production, security, rational use of chemical control. Prohibit the use of highly toxic and high residue pesticides, such as methamidophos, methyl parathion, fenvalerate, dicofol and so on. Medication should be selecting the right variety of pesticides, pay attention to the use of methods, concentration and safety interval. As with Bt formulations 300 ~ 500 times of control caterpillar of tea, tea geometrid, tea, black tea and a small leaf roller moth, safe interval 3 to 5 days; with 0.2% matrine SL 1000 ~ 1500 times of, prevention of tea caterpillars, black moth tea, tea leaf roller of small, safe interval of five days; Phoxim safety interval of 10 days. Note that rotation of medication, each period of pesticide in tea-picking can only use one time. This is to prevent pest resistance, but also can reduce the residual.