说明几点:
1.我所说的巴黎圣母院是指那栋建筑物,不是小说.
2.资料一定要是英文的,最好是原版!
3.资料内容包括:建筑概况,建造时期的建筑风格及历史特点,建筑坐落城市 的发展概况,建筑设计的理念,建筑师概况,该建筑在建筑史中的地位及其对后世的影响等等.
4.不要给我外国的网址,我这里上不了国外网.
多多益善~~~谢谢~
急求:作为建筑的巴黎圣母院的英文资料!!!
答案:2 悬赏:0 手机版
解决时间 2021-04-06 17:43
- 提问者网友：抽煙菂渘情少年
- 2021-04-06 14:43
最佳答案
- 五星知识达人网友：往事隔山水
- 2020-08-02 02:24
wikipedia上面非常详细
Notre Dame de Paris often known simply as Notre Dame in English, is a Gothic cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la Cité in Paris, France, with its main entrance to the west. It is still used as a Roman Catholic cathedral and is the seat of the Archbishop of Paris. Notre Dame de Paris is widely considered one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture. Restaured and saved from destruction by Viollet-le-Duc, one of France's most famous architects.
Innovations
Dame de Paris was one of the first Gothic cathedrals, and its construction spanned the Gothic period. Its sculptures and stained glass show the heavy influence of naturalism, giving them a more secular look that was lacking from earlier Romanesque architecture.
Notre Dame de Paris was among the first buildings in the world to use the flying buttress. The building was not originally designed to include the flying buttresses around the choir and nave after the construction began and the thinner walls (popularized in the Gothic) grew ever higher, stress fractures began to occur as the walls pushed outward. The buttresses were added to prevent further deterioration. For many years, the buttresses were reviled as it was said they looked "like scaffolding" someone had forgotten to remove and gave the cathedral an "unfinished" look.
Features
western façade of the cathedral is the single most well-known feature. It is divided into three distinct levels, a holdover from Romanesque architecture. The image to the right indicates some of the west front's most significant features. Preceded by a Gallo-Roman temple to Jupiter, a Christian basilica, and a Romanesque church, construction of Notre Dame de Paris began in 1163 during the reign of Louis VII. Pope Alexander III laid the foundation stone. The idea to replace the Romanesque church occupying the site - the Cathedral of St. Etienne (founded by Childebert I in 528) - was that of Bishop Maurice de Sully (who died in 1196). (Some accounts claim that there were two churches existing on the site, one to the Virgin Mary, the other to Saint Stephen.) Construction was completed roughly 200 years later in about 1345. The choir was completed in 1182; the nave in 1208, and the west façade and towers circa 1225-1250 (even though the towers are considered "massive", they are still incomplete). A series of chapels were added to the nave during the period 1235-50, and during 1296-1330 to the apse (Pierre de Chelles and Jean Ravy). The transept crossings were built in 1250-67 by Jean de Chelles and Pierre de Montreuil (also the architect of the Sainte-Chapelle). It was essentially completed according to the original plans.
Art inside the cathedral
The cathedral displays a sculpture of the Virgin Mary which is known as the Virgin of Paris. Commissioned during a time of great wealth by local merchants who saw the cathedral as a source of civic pride and a symbol of new economic freedom, the sculpture is noted for its decadent display and lavishly expensive decoration. While not heretical in subject, some observers have felt that the sculpture is more a symbol of arrogant wealth than piety.
[edit] Construction
In 1160, having become the "parish church of the kings of Europe", Bishop Maurice de Sully deemed the current Parisian cathedral unworthy of its lofty role, and had it demolished shortly after he assumed the title of Bishop of Paris. According to legend, de Sully had a vision of a glorious new cathedral for Paris, and sketched it in the dirt outside of the original church. To begin the construction, the bishop had several houses demolished and had a new road built in order to transport materials for the new church.
Construction began in 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, and opinion differs as to whether Bishop Maurice de Sully or Pope Alexander III laid the foundation stone of the cathedral. However, both were at the ceremony in question. Bishop de Sully went on to devote most of his life and wealth to the cathedral's construction.
Construction of the west front, with its distinctive two towers, began circa 1200, before the nave had been completed. Over the construction period, numerous architects worked on the site, as is evidenced by the differing styles at different heights of the west front and towers. Between 1210 and 1220, the fourth architect oversaw the construction of the level with the rose window and the great halls beneath the towers. The towers were completed around 1245, and the cathedral was completed around 1345.
[edit] Timeline of construction
1160 Maurice de Sully (named Bishop of Paris), orders the original cathedral to be demolished.
1163 Cornerstone laid for Notre Dame de Paris - construction begins
1182 Apse and choir completed.
1196 Nave completed. Bishop de Sully dies.
1200 Work begins on western façade.
1225 Western façade completed.
1250 Western towers and north rose window completed
1250 – 1345 Remaining elements completed
During the Paris Commune in 1871, the cathedral was nearly burned by the Communards - and some accounts suggest that indeed a huge mound of chairs was set on fire in its interior. Whatever happened, the Notre Dame survived the Commune essentially unscathed.
[edit] Statistics
The bell "Emmanuel" in the south tower weighs 13 metric tons (over 28,000 pounds). The clapper alone weighs 500 kilograms (about 1,100 pounds).
It is said that when "Emmanuel" was recast in 1631, women threw their gold and other jewelry into the molten metal, giving the bell its unique, pure F sharp tone.
The main vault inside the cathedral is 34 metres (112 feet) high.
The towers of the western façade are 69 metres (226 feet) tall.
422 steps (that become increasingly narrower) in a spiral staircase lead to the very top of the bell tower.
The reigns of Louis XIV (end of the 17th century) and Louis XV saw significant alterations including the destruction of tombs and stained glass. At the end of the 18th century, during the French Revolution, many of the treasures of the cathedral were either destroyed or plundered. The statues of many of the saints (which were thought to be statues of royalty) were beheaded. The heads were eventually found and are on display at the nearby Musee de Cluny. Only the great bells avoided being melted down, and the cathedral was dedicated first to the Cult of Reason, and to the Cult of the Supreme Being. The church interior was used as a warehouse for the storage of forage and food.
After falling into disrepair, a restoration program overseen by Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Lassus (died 1857) and Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, was carried out in 1845. This program lasted 23 years, and included the construction of the spire (see image) and the sacristy.
Site history
The Notre Dame de Paris stands on the site of Paris' first Christian church, Saint-Étiennene Basilica, which was itself built on the site of a Gallo-Roman temple to Jupiter. Notre Dame's first version was a "magnificent church" built by Childebert I, the king of the Franks in 528, and was already the cathedral of the city of Paris in the 10th century.
[edit] Site history
Notre Dame panorama, 1909.The Notre Dame de Paris stands on the site of Paris' first Christian church, Saint-Étiennene Basilica, which was itself built on the site of a Gallo-Roman temple to Jupiter. Notre Dame's first version was a "magnificent church" built by Childebert I, the king of the Franks in 528, and was already the cathedral of the city of Paris in the 10th century.
Notre Dame de Paris is 130 m (427 ft) long.
Significant events at Notre Dame
1185 - Heraclius of Caesarea calls for the Third Crusade from the still-incomplete cathedral.
1239 - The Crown of Thorns placed in the cathedral by St. Louis during the construction of Sainte-Chapelle.
1302 - Philip the Fair opens the first States-General.
December 16, 1431 - Henry VI of England is crowned King of France.
November 7, 1455 - Isabelle Romée, the mother of Joan of Arc, petitions a papal delegation to overturn her daughter's conviction for heresy.
April 24, 1588 - Mary I of Scotland is married to the Dauphin François (later François II of France), son of Henry II of France.
August 18, 1572 - Henry of Navarre (later Henry IV of France) marries Marguerite de Valois.
December 2, 1804 - After the anointing by Pope Pius VII, Napoléon seizes the crown from the pontiff and crowns himself emperor, then Joséphine.
1900 - Louis Vierne is chosen the official Notre Dame organist after a heavy competition against the 500 most talented organ players of the era. He dies at the cathedral organ (as was his life-long wish) on June 2, 1937.
1909 - Joan of Arc is beatified.
May 16, 1920 - Joan of arc is canonized.
August 26, 1944 - The Te Deum Mass takes place in the cathedral to celebrate the liberation of Paris. (According to some accounts the Mass was interrupted by sniping from both the internal and external galleries.)
November 12, 1970 - The Requiem Mass of General Charles de Gaulle is held.
May 31, 1980 - After the Magnificat of this day, Pope John Paul II celebrates Mass on the parvis in front of the cathedral.
Generally, French Catholic religious events of national significance take place in Notre Dame.
The cathedral is renowned for its Lent sermons founded by the famous Dominican Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire in the 1840s. In recent years however an increasing number have been given by leading public figures and state-employed academics.
Statistics
The bell "Emmanuel" in the south tower weighs 13 metric tons (over 28,000 pounds). The clapper alone weighs 500 kilograms (about 1,100 pounds).
It is said that when "Emmanuel" was recast in 1631, women threw their gold and other jewelry into the molten metal, giving the bell its unique, pure F sharp tone.
The main vault inside the cathedral is 34 metres (112 feet) high.
The towers of the western façade are 69 metres (226 feet) tall.
422 steps (that become increasingly narrower) in a spiral staircase lead to the very top of the bell tower.
The reigns of Louis XIV (end of the 17th century) and Louis XV saw significant alterations including the destruction of tombs and stained glass. At the end of the 18th century, during the French Revolution, m
Notre Dame de Paris often known simply as Notre Dame in English, is a Gothic cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la Cité in Paris, France, with its main entrance to the west. It is still used as a Roman Catholic cathedral and is the seat of the Archbishop of Paris. Notre Dame de Paris is widely considered one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture. Restaured and saved from destruction by Viollet-le-Duc, one of France's most famous architects.
Innovations
Dame de Paris was one of the first Gothic cathedrals, and its construction spanned the Gothic period. Its sculptures and stained glass show the heavy influence of naturalism, giving them a more secular look that was lacking from earlier Romanesque architecture.
Notre Dame de Paris was among the first buildings in the world to use the flying buttress. The building was not originally designed to include the flying buttresses around the choir and nave after the construction began and the thinner walls (popularized in the Gothic) grew ever higher, stress fractures began to occur as the walls pushed outward. The buttresses were added to prevent further deterioration. For many years, the buttresses were reviled as it was said they looked "like scaffolding" someone had forgotten to remove and gave the cathedral an "unfinished" look.
Features
western façade of the cathedral is the single most well-known feature. It is divided into three distinct levels, a holdover from Romanesque architecture. The image to the right indicates some of the west front's most significant features. Preceded by a Gallo-Roman temple to Jupiter, a Christian basilica, and a Romanesque church, construction of Notre Dame de Paris began in 1163 during the reign of Louis VII. Pope Alexander III laid the foundation stone. The idea to replace the Romanesque church occupying the site - the Cathedral of St. Etienne (founded by Childebert I in 528) - was that of Bishop Maurice de Sully (who died in 1196). (Some accounts claim that there were two churches existing on the site, one to the Virgin Mary, the other to Saint Stephen.) Construction was completed roughly 200 years later in about 1345. The choir was completed in 1182; the nave in 1208, and the west façade and towers circa 1225-1250 (even though the towers are considered "massive", they are still incomplete). A series of chapels were added to the nave during the period 1235-50, and during 1296-1330 to the apse (Pierre de Chelles and Jean Ravy). The transept crossings were built in 1250-67 by Jean de Chelles and Pierre de Montreuil (also the architect of the Sainte-Chapelle). It was essentially completed according to the original plans.
Art inside the cathedral
The cathedral displays a sculpture of the Virgin Mary which is known as the Virgin of Paris. Commissioned during a time of great wealth by local merchants who saw the cathedral as a source of civic pride and a symbol of new economic freedom, the sculpture is noted for its decadent display and lavishly expensive decoration. While not heretical in subject, some observers have felt that the sculpture is more a symbol of arrogant wealth than piety.
[edit] Construction
In 1160, having become the "parish church of the kings of Europe", Bishop Maurice de Sully deemed the current Parisian cathedral unworthy of its lofty role, and had it demolished shortly after he assumed the title of Bishop of Paris. According to legend, de Sully had a vision of a glorious new cathedral for Paris, and sketched it in the dirt outside of the original church. To begin the construction, the bishop had several houses demolished and had a new road built in order to transport materials for the new church.
Construction began in 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, and opinion differs as to whether Bishop Maurice de Sully or Pope Alexander III laid the foundation stone of the cathedral. However, both were at the ceremony in question. Bishop de Sully went on to devote most of his life and wealth to the cathedral's construction.
Construction of the west front, with its distinctive two towers, began circa 1200, before the nave had been completed. Over the construction period, numerous architects worked on the site, as is evidenced by the differing styles at different heights of the west front and towers. Between 1210 and 1220, the fourth architect oversaw the construction of the level with the rose window and the great halls beneath the towers. The towers were completed around 1245, and the cathedral was completed around 1345.
[edit] Timeline of construction
1160 Maurice de Sully (named Bishop of Paris), orders the original cathedral to be demolished.
1163 Cornerstone laid for Notre Dame de Paris - construction begins
1182 Apse and choir completed.
1196 Nave completed. Bishop de Sully dies.
1200 Work begins on western façade.
1225 Western façade completed.
1250 Western towers and north rose window completed
1250 – 1345 Remaining elements completed
During the Paris Commune in 1871, the cathedral was nearly burned by the Communards - and some accounts suggest that indeed a huge mound of chairs was set on fire in its interior. Whatever happened, the Notre Dame survived the Commune essentially unscathed.
[edit] Statistics
The bell "Emmanuel" in the south tower weighs 13 metric tons (over 28,000 pounds). The clapper alone weighs 500 kilograms (about 1,100 pounds).
It is said that when "Emmanuel" was recast in 1631, women threw their gold and other jewelry into the molten metal, giving the bell its unique, pure F sharp tone.
The main vault inside the cathedral is 34 metres (112 feet) high.
The towers of the western façade are 69 metres (226 feet) tall.
422 steps (that become increasingly narrower) in a spiral staircase lead to the very top of the bell tower.
The reigns of Louis XIV (end of the 17th century) and Louis XV saw significant alterations including the destruction of tombs and stained glass. At the end of the 18th century, during the French Revolution, many of the treasures of the cathedral were either destroyed or plundered. The statues of many of the saints (which were thought to be statues of royalty) were beheaded. The heads were eventually found and are on display at the nearby Musee de Cluny. Only the great bells avoided being melted down, and the cathedral was dedicated first to the Cult of Reason, and to the Cult of the Supreme Being. The church interior was used as a warehouse for the storage of forage and food.
After falling into disrepair, a restoration program overseen by Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Lassus (died 1857) and Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, was carried out in 1845. This program lasted 23 years, and included the construction of the spire (see image) and the sacristy.
Site history
The Notre Dame de Paris stands on the site of Paris' first Christian church, Saint-Étiennene Basilica, which was itself built on the site of a Gallo-Roman temple to Jupiter. Notre Dame's first version was a "magnificent church" built by Childebert I, the king of the Franks in 528, and was already the cathedral of the city of Paris in the 10th century.
[edit] Site history
Notre Dame panorama, 1909.The Notre Dame de Paris stands on the site of Paris' first Christian church, Saint-Étiennene Basilica, which was itself built on the site of a Gallo-Roman temple to Jupiter. Notre Dame's first version was a "magnificent church" built by Childebert I, the king of the Franks in 528, and was already the cathedral of the city of Paris in the 10th century.
Notre Dame de Paris is 130 m (427 ft) long.
Significant events at Notre Dame
1185 - Heraclius of Caesarea calls for the Third Crusade from the still-incomplete cathedral.
1239 - The Crown of Thorns placed in the cathedral by St. Louis during the construction of Sainte-Chapelle.
1302 - Philip the Fair opens the first States-General.
December 16, 1431 - Henry VI of England is crowned King of France.
November 7, 1455 - Isabelle Romée, the mother of Joan of Arc, petitions a papal delegation to overturn her daughter's conviction for heresy.
April 24, 1588 - Mary I of Scotland is married to the Dauphin François (later François II of France), son of Henry II of France.
August 18, 1572 - Henry of Navarre (later Henry IV of France) marries Marguerite de Valois.
December 2, 1804 - After the anointing by Pope Pius VII, Napoléon seizes the crown from the pontiff and crowns himself emperor, then Joséphine.
1900 - Louis Vierne is chosen the official Notre Dame organist after a heavy competition against the 500 most talented organ players of the era. He dies at the cathedral organ (as was his life-long wish) on June 2, 1937.
1909 - Joan of Arc is beatified.
May 16, 1920 - Joan of arc is canonized.
August 26, 1944 - The Te Deum Mass takes place in the cathedral to celebrate the liberation of Paris. (According to some accounts the Mass was interrupted by sniping from both the internal and external galleries.)
November 12, 1970 - The Requiem Mass of General Charles de Gaulle is held.
May 31, 1980 - After the Magnificat of this day, Pope John Paul II celebrates Mass on the parvis in front of the cathedral.
Generally, French Catholic religious events of national significance take place in Notre Dame.
The cathedral is renowned for its Lent sermons founded by the famous Dominican Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire in the 1840s. In recent years however an increasing number have been given by leading public figures and state-employed academics.
Statistics
The bell "Emmanuel" in the south tower weighs 13 metric tons (over 28,000 pounds). The clapper alone weighs 500 kilograms (about 1,100 pounds).
It is said that when "Emmanuel" was recast in 1631, women threw their gold and other jewelry into the molten metal, giving the bell its unique, pure F sharp tone.
The main vault inside the cathedral is 34 metres (112 feet) high.
The towers of the western façade are 69 metres (226 feet) tall.
422 steps (that become increasingly narrower) in a spiral staircase lead to the very top of the bell tower.
The reigns of Louis XIV (end of the 17th century) and Louis XV saw significant alterations including the destruction of tombs and stained glass. At the end of the 18th century, during the French Revolution, m
全部回答
- 1楼网友：笑迎怀羞
- 2020-06-11 10:37
雨果的英文原文 see book ii, vii. a wedding night
“oh, love,” she said, and her voice vibrated and her eyes shone, “that is to be two and yet only one—a man and a woman blending into an angel—it is heaven!” (“喔！爱情，”她说道，声音颤抖，目光炯炯。“那是两个人却又只有一个人。一个男人和一个女人融合为一个天使。那就是天堂！
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