什么叫独立主格

什么叫独立主格

问题一：独立主格结构是什么? 一、概念：有时一个名词/代词 + 一个其他结构,在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句或并列句，人们通常称这种结构为独立主格或独立结构。
二、独立主格的结构：
n/pron + doing River rising, they had to left for safety.
to do Much work to do, they had to work for extra hours.
done All the work done, they went for lunch.
adj. He entered the room, his nose red with cold.
adv. He was lying in bed, light on.
Prepositional phrase He walked in, cane in hand.
在这种结构中，n/pron.在逻辑上是后一部分的主语，后一部分相当于谓语或表语。这种结构在句子中只能作状语，
三、独立主格在句中通常充当以下状语成分：
1、 伴随状语（方式状语）：相当于一个并列句。
He was watching TV, his mouth half open.
He fell to the ground, blood coming down his nose.
The policeman entered the dark room,gun in hand.
The old man sat down,his face pale with pain.
2、 时间状语：相当于一个时间状语从句。
Meeting over, everyone tried to do something for the project.
Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.
The problem settled, everyone was filled with joy.
3、 原因状语：相当于一个原因状语从句。
John (being) away, Tom had to do the work on his own.
It being dark, they had to walk with the torches on.
There being no bus, they had no choice but to take a taxi.
4、 条件状语：相当于一个条件状语从句。
Weather permitting, we’ll have a picnic this Sunday.
Enough time given, we’ll do the job better.
注：有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词with,构成with +复合宾语结构。
如：With the problem settled, the computer restarted.
With the old man leading, we had no difficulty finding the old Red Army man’s house.
You should not speak to others with your mouth full of food.
He left the bathroom,with the water runni......余下全文>>问题二：独立主格结构到底是什么意思啊？ 独立主格结构的用法可参考下面的内容:相信对你有帮助.这个语法现象在高中是常见的且要掌握的.
独立主格结构
一、 独立主格结构的含义和实质
“独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”，是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。
二、 独立主格结构的基本形式和功能
独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词分句（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）或无动词分句（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语），表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。
基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语，with引导的复合结构。
1． 名词/代词+ 现在分词
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例 The man lay there, his hands trembling.
So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.
His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.
注：“独立结构”中的being或 having been 有时可以省去，这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。
2． 名词/代词+过去分词
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例 The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.
Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.
后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been，being。如果加上，这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句。
3． 名词/代词+不定式
不定式表示的是将来的动作。
例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.
These are the first two books， the third one to come out next month.
We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行） to start moving at 8 sharp.
4. 名词/代词+名词
名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.
He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.
5． 名词/代词+形容词短语
形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。
例The flo......余下全文>>问题三：英语里面的独立主格结构是什么意思？ 1. 独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
（二） 独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
2. With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题：
当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分 词，不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking strai......余下全文>>问题四：什么是“独立成份”？什么是“独立主格”？ 独立成份:
句子中的独立成份 与全句没有语法关系的句子成份叫做句子的独立成份。通常有三种成份用做独立成份,它们是:感叹语、呼语...这就是我们通常所说的独立主格结构。
独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
（二） 独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。