求一篇“金融危机下外贸为什么这么难？”的文章，最好是英文

Of the international financial crisis on the city's foreign trade enterprises and its countermeasures analysis

This year, the global trade dwindling, China's foreign trade volume decreased significantly, the city has also appeared in import and export of dual-down trend. Against the grim situation, the state and issued a series of Hebei Province to promote development of foreign trade policies and measures, from the April data shows that downward trend has slowed, but again the increase in May. To do a good job in the future import and export of our city work, Municipal Bureau of Commerce realities, they have done a lot of visits to research work on the city has done a careful analysis of import and export situation.
1, 1-May the city's basic situation of import and export
1-5 months of this year, the city's foreign trade import and export value was 19.9 billion U.S. dollars, down 26.63 percent, compared with the 1-4 month, an increase of 3.71% drop. Export completed 1.61 billion U.S. dollars, down 25.7%, the completion of 380 million U.S. dollars of imports, down 30.24%. From the type of export enterprises to see: the private sector imports have continued to grow, other types of enterprises import and export continued to decline; from exports to see: fur garment into an export bright spot. From January to May, apparel and clothing accessories and exports 350 million U.S. dollars, up a slight increase of 4.08%. Among them, fur garments and exports 1.87 million U.S. dollars, up 1.7 times higher growth rate. Pharmaceutical products and exports 310 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 8.05%. Other types of merchandise exports have continued to decline; from trade type to see: the processing trade, general trade, both imports and exports declined. Main reasons:
(1) international market downturn, exports to major markets continue to decline. EU, U.S., ASEAN, South Korea, Japan and Russia, is the city's main export market, the city's total annual exports over 60%. Further economic decline in these countries, consumer demand will further decline, is bound to significantly reduce trade orders, leading to the city's decline in exports. From January to May this year, the city followed by the top five export markets: EU, U.S., ASEAN, Russia, Japan, exports were 4.1 billion dollars, 320 million U.S. dollars, 1.3 billion dollars, 84.61 million U.S. dollars and 80.06 million U.S. dollars, year decreased by 19.48%, 8.12%, 31.96%, 23.29%, 12.02%. Merchandise exports from the city's experience, as the export tax rebate adjustment, leather garments will gradually recover, so there is potential for export of the Russian market to be tapped, Latin American and African enterprises to expand their market to be our city.
(B) international market demand weakened, the city largest category of merchandise exports declined. In recent years, mechanical and electrical products, steel products, antibiotics, textile woven fabric, steel wire mesh (cloth), valves and spare parts, has been the city's main export commodities, export is relatively stable, but in January-May exports of view, began to appear dropped. For example, exports of mechanical and electrical products fell 35.85%, of which exports of metal products fell 29.58 percent year on year, exports of mechanical and electrical equipment fell 42.27%; steel exports fell 73.25%; textile yarn, fabrics and related products exports fell 16.33%; high-tech exports dropped 42.72% year on year.
(3) International environmental degradation, increase business problems. First, breach of contract, breach of contract has increased. Luquan City, a small refrigerator, such as businesses, products are mainly exported to the U.S. market since August last year is not only no new orders, also appeared before the signing of orders for a partial refund of a single phenomenon, enterprises can only for the domestic market, small batch production other products. Second, exchange rate risk and deferred payments prominent problem. The world's major currency against the dollar devaluation, resulting in importing countries, a substantial devaluation of currencies against the yuan, raising the prices of imported Chinese products, to create difficulties for exports, seriously squeezed corporate profit margins. Increase the risk of foreign trade receivables, export enterprises are facing increasingly serious compliance risks and the risk of exchange earnings. Continued appreciation of the yuan, most of export enterprises is difficult to grasp, the U.S. dollar income (junction) exchange losses. Some companies switch to the euro clearing, the results euro plunged, suffered greater losses. According to the 50 companies participating in the survey statistics show that 40 companies met with exchange rate risk. Customer deferred payment problem more prominent. In order to secure payment of some enterprises would rather give orders. Music City, a city such as New wig products businesses, products are mainly exported in Africa, because of deferred payments and payment can not U.S. dollars, resulting in nearly 6 million yuan can not be withdrawn from circulation, there liquidity problems seriously affected the business to expand exports. Third, the phenomenon of individual enterprises stop production downtime occurs. Slowdown in the international market demand, orders a substantial reduction in the phenomenon of foreign manufacturing enterprises shutdown shutdown began to increase. Some enterprises have emerged not only stop production, but also caused some of the goods due to the backlog of returns. If Xinji leather export enterprises, the majority in a semi-cut-off state of excess capacity.
(D) product structure is irrational, the international market share is not high. Exports from the city constitutes a look at, 1-May, in addition to clothing and accessories, pharmaceutical products, export growth, the other major categories of merchandise exports declined in mainly or structural problems: First, the lack of own-brand products. As the city most of the export enterprises lack of core technologies and R & D capabilities, export products were almost all used in OEM production (using the consumer TM). Involved in the investigation of 50 companies, OEM exports are 35. Second, many primary products and low added value. Some small and medium enterprises, the production process is simple, labor-intensive, "two high and one capital" based mostly in the international market at the low end of the chain of production (zero, component processing), and big labor costs, product prices low, profits generally only in the 10% less than international market prices respond to changes in capability is weak. Third is the lack of internationally recognized brand-name products and pillar industries of export. Equipment manufacturing, textile and garments, bio-pharmaceuticals and other advantages to be further excavated.
(E) the slow growth in imports, driving is not obvious. The three years since 2006, the import situation, the aggregate is not large, slow growth, boosting the city's foreign trade as a whole is limited. Due to the impact of international environment, this year from January to May, the city's foreign trade imports fell 30.24%. Is expected in the first half, continued to show a decline.
Second, import and export of the main problems
(I) Europe and the United States market, dependence on high-impact by the financial crisis. As the adverse effects of the international financial crisis continues to expand, resulting in the continued economic malaise in developed countries and international market demand to shrink further. As the city's relatively high dependence on the European and U.S. markets by the impact of economic recession in these countries, resulting in a substantial reduction in orders for city business, not even order. Based on our early focus on monitoring the situation of 50 companies, there are three companies are still in the hands of unfilled orders, totaling 53.61 million U.S. dollars, there are 19 companies currently no new orders for the contract.
(B) the lack of its own export brands, weak competition in the market. In the city a large number of export enterprises, export mostly OEM (using the consumer TM). The reason is that the majority of our city export enterprises SMEs, independent innovation and R & D capability is weak, high-tech, high value-added exports ratio is small, mostly low-end products, coupled with exports of less well-known brands, products, lack of international the right to speak, so exports are mainly controlled by foreign customers.
(C) will explore the international market is not strong, foreign trade, the relative lack of talent. Due to the financial crisis, took the initiative to foreign exhibitors, examining the gradual reduction of the enterprise, and even the most hot of the East China Commodity Fair, Canton Fair, corporate participants of the initiative is not high. Some companies see the exhibition in particular, yielded modest results, confidence hit. Some companies due to funding constraints, do not want to waste the limited financial resources. In addition, the majority of smaller city foreign trade enterprises, foreign trade, the relative lack of talent on the one hand people do not want to go, and even if there are high-end talent is difficult to retain the long-term, corporate personnel shortages were common.
(D) corporate finance problems, loss of trade opportunities. Most SMEs reflect more prominent problems in financing difficulties, the shortage of funds is a bottleneck restricting the development of foreign trade enterprises. At present, the countries that have implemented a loose monetary policy, but for most small and medium foreign trade enterprises, loans are still very difficult, often leading to loss of trade opportunities.