(二)TheDifferencesinLivingStandard请根据短文的内容，回答问题。Thedifferencesinlivingstanda

共享题干题 (二)The Differences in Living Standard请根据短文的内容，回答问题。 The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income of about $25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned $7,000, and the average Nigerian earned $1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years. What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries' productivity- that is, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a nation's productivity determines the growth rate of its average income. The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity. The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards, policy makers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.1.[不定向选择题]What is the most important factor that leads to the rise in living standards of average people?A.Labor unions B.Minimum-wage laws C.Rising productivity. D.Favorable public policy. 2.[不定向选择题]The passage mainly discusses __________.A.the differences in average income among countries B.the relationship between productivity and living standards C.the causes of the rise in living standards D.the importance of raising productivity

1.参考答案：C
参考解析：细节题。题干：哪个是导致普通人生活标准提高的最重要的因素?利用题干关键词rise和living standard可以定位到第三段“Ifproductivity is the primary determinant of living standards，other explanations must be of secondary importance”，意为“生产力对人们的生活水平起决定作用，其他因素都是次要的”，所以选项C(增长的生产力)为正确选项。
2.参考答案：B
参考解析：主旨题。题干：文章主要谈论的是__________。整篇文章主要论述了生产力和人们的生活水平之间的关系。A、C选项都很片面，只是文章某一段落的主题；而D选项只提到提高生产力的重要性，没有提到人们的生活水平，故选B。3.[不定向选择题]Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history?A.Mexico B.The United States C.Japan D.South Korea

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