永发信息网

初三定语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的知识点

答案:3  悬赏:0  手机版
解决时间 2021-02-14 23:43
初三定语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的知识点
最佳答案
宾语从句英语语法
宾语从句(一)

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。

宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,按需要可以使用任何时态。如:
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)

当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如:
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)
He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)

当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如:
The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。
She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她说她父亲比她大二十八岁He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。

宾语从句(二)
由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
引出名词性从句的连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句,而whether除了引出宾语从句外,还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
例如:We don't know whether (if) it is right. 我们不知道它是否正确。
he question is whether she should do that. 问题在于她是否应该做那件事。
Whether it is true remains a question. 是真是假还是个问题。
试比较:
当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句。例如:
I don't know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。

当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句。例如:
I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间,我将到那儿去。

初中英语宾语从句小结
一、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:
She said that she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk.她说她会把留言条放在校长桌子上。
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作
二、当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:
Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag.爱丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。 I don't know whether he'll come the day after tomorrow.我不知道他后天是否会来
但直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:
Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come )让我知道他是否能来。
I don't know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I don't know whether or not he does any washing. )我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我想知道我们是去还是留。
三、如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。如:
Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?你能告诉我我们今天下午将在哪儿开会吗?
I don't know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack?我不知道谁给我买了礼物。是杰克吗?
下面的表格可以帮助大家理解这一部分内容
句式
连词
语序
陈述句
that
不变
一般疑问句
If/whether
改为陈述语序
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
改为陈述语序
宾语从句的时态问题
主句
一般现在时态
一般过去时态
从句
保留原来时态
改为过去的某个时态
客观事实和自然现象除外
所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化
一般现在时态
一般过去时态
现在进行时态
过去进行时态(was/were doing)
现在完成时态
过去完成时态(had +过去分词)
一般将来时态
过去将来时态(would do;was/were going to do)
宾语从句使用--四注意
我们在学习和运用宾语从句时,应该注意以下四点:
一、引导词的使用
1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如:
Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.
2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如:
David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.
3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如:
Do you know what we can do on the island?
I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.
二、语序的陈述化
宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如:
When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.
Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?
三、时态的呼应
1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如:
I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)
2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如:
He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。
3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如: Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
四、否定转移
当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如:
I don’t believe he is here on time, is he?
I don’t think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?
宾语从句要点盘点
 一、宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。如:
  Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗?

  二、宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应。
  主句是现在或将来时态时,从句可用任何所需要的时态。主句是过去时态时,从句要用表示过去的相应的时态。但如果从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语,则从句应用一般过去时,不用过去完成时;如从句表达的是客观规律或真理时,用一般现在时。如:
  He said he had finished his studies when the war broke out.他说战争爆发时,他已经完成了学业。
  He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian.他说他将在大连度假。
  She said that the earth moves around the sun.她说地球围绕太阳转。

  三、如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句后置。其句型为:“主语+谓语+it+补足语+宾语从句”。如:
   We think it important that we should master at least one foreign language.
  我们认为掌握至少一门外语是重要的。

  注意:

  (1)连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but和in等少数几个介词后。其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:
  He is a good student except that he is careless.他是个好学生,只不过有点粗心。
  See to it that children don't catch cold.当心孩子别感冒了。

  (2)that引导表语从句时,在句中无词义,只起连接作用,但不可省去。His idea is that we should go there at once.他主张我们立即去那儿。

  四、连词whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,不可省。if引导宾语从句。

  (1)宾语从句是肯定句时,whether,if可互换;但whether常和or not连用,宾语从句是否定句时,一般用if引导。如:
  I don't know if/whether I should tell you.不知我是否应告诉你。
  I wonder whether it is true or not.不知这是不是真的。
  I don't care if it doesn't rain.天下不下雨我不会在乎。

  (2)作介词宾语时,只能用whether,不能用if。如:
  Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的经验。

  五、that引导宾语从句时不可省的几种情况:

  1.that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时。
  I promised that if anyone could set me free,I would make him king over the earth.
  我曾许诺如果有人把我放了,我就让他成为全世界的国王。

  2.当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句前时。
  Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and a little then.
  亚伯拉罕•林肯自己后来说他只不过是时断时续地接受教育。

  3.主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。
  When he got to England,he found,however,that his English was too limited.
  然而当他到英国时,他发现他的英语很有限。

  4.当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时。
   Then he said that French was the most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.
  他说,法语是世界上最美的语言,我们必须坚持说法语,永远也不要忘记它。

  5.宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。
  I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.
  我决不能告诉任何人我看不到那布。

  6.宾语从句的主语是this/that,或用this/that修饰主语时。
  He said that that was a good idea.他说那是个好主意。

  7.在直接引语中,主句和宾语从句被隔开时。
  “I'm sorry to tell you,”he said,“that you didn't watch carefully enough what I did.”
  我很遗憾的告诉大家,你们没有仔细观察我所做的一切。

  8.宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时。
  The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for a girl.
  那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一双手套。
全部回答
从句分为1,定语从句,2 ,名词性从句,3,状语从句 定语从句,以一个句子作为定语的成分。可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语:用来修饰名词,代词的词,比如形容词,She is a beautiful girl.这里的beautiful在句中就做定语成分。 定语从句需注意两个,一,先行词。二,引导词。先行词即指,被修饰的那个词,通常是由名词和代词充当。比如,My friend is a girl who is very beautiful.在这句中,先行词就是“girl ”,who is very beautiful.是定语从句,用于修饰girl。、 关系代词 : 二,引导词 关系副词 关系代词:1,that (先行词是人或物,在句中做主语或宾语成分,作宾语时可省略) 2, which(先行词是物,在句中做主语或宾语成分) 3, whose(先行词人或物,在句中与先行词是所属关系,表示……的) 4, who (先行词是人,在句中做主语成分) 5, whom(先行词是人,在句中做宾语成分) 关系副词:1, when (先行词是表示时间的名词或代词,如,day, Monday…..引导一个完整的句子,在句中不做任何成分) 2, where (先行词是表示地点的名词或代词,如,place, school…..引导一个完整的句子,在句中不做任何成分) Where=in which 3,why (先行词是表示原因的词,比如reason,PS:一般主要是修饰reason 。引导一个完整的句子,在句中不做任何成分) Why=for which 只能用that,不能用which。、 常见的情况有下列五种: 1、当先行词是:all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。例如: Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么可以为你做的吗? All that can be done must be done. 凡是能做的都必须做。 2、当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如: That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop. 那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。 The first thing that we should do is to get some food. 我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。 3、当先行词有:the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如: My necklace is not the only thing that's missing. 我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。 4、当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或who 。以避免重复。例如: Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat? 正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁? 5、当先行词既有人又有物时,用that 。例如: The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known. 你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。 非限制性定语从句: 只需要把握,在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开 将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数 如:This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching PS:在非限制定语从句中,当先行词是一个句子时,不能用“that”来引导 二,名词性从句 名词性从句包括:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句。在名词性从句中,没有先行词,但是有连接词,连接代词,连接副词。 1. 宾语从句:以一个句子充当宾语,放在动词或介词的后面。 连接词: that(不做任何成分,无含义,可省略。) 如: I say (that) he will come back tomorrow. whether(不做成分,含义为是否),一般与“or not” 连用,如: I don’t know whether it is right or not. if(表是否,不做成分) I don’t know if it is right . 连接代词:what(什么),who(谁,作主语),whatever(无论什么),whom(谁,作宾语),whose(谁的),which(哪一个)。 Whoever(无论谁),whichever(无论哪一个)这些词在句中坐成分,并有具体含义。注意,句子是陈述语序 连接副词:where(在哪儿)when(什么时候)why(为什么) how(怎么样) whenever(无论何时) wherever(无论何地)however(无论怎样) 这些 副词有具体含义,但在句中不做成分,后接完整的句子,注意,句子是陈述语序 如:She asks when you will get it 完整句子,有主语,谓语,宾语并且,此句子是陈述语序 二,表语从句,以一个句子充当表语。和宾语从句差不多,但注意,这是以一个句子充当表语,就要先弄清楚什么是表语,表语就是系动词后的词。又引出来一个,什么是系动词,这个自己去百度Google一下哈。 三,主语从句。以一个句子充当主语。这个也和并与从句差不多,但就是第一个,当一个句子充当主语时,若此句子成分完整,则需要在句子句首加上连接词“that”没有任何含义,但不能省略!其他的都和宾语从句差不多。 如:That it was a bird surprised us. it was a bird 是一个完整的句子,有主语,谓语,宾语 主语从句,充当整个句子主语
定语从句:是修饰名词或代词的从句。例如:the bike which i ride is biautiful. 表语从句:是用一个句子作为表语。例如:the problem is when we can get a pay rise. 宾语从句:是在句子中起宾语作用的从句。例如:he told that he would go to the college the next year.
我要举报
如以上问答信息为低俗、色情、不良、暴力、侵权、涉及违法等信息,可以点下面链接进行举报!
大家都在看
爱佳时尚公馆地址在哪,我要去那里办事
PEBBLES 砂卵石墨西哥餐厅怎么样
永康美容养生会所在什么地方啊,我要过去处理
梦幻诛仙手游小山狐怎么样 小山狐值不值得培
金源招待所(药行街)地址在什么地方,想过去办
用3cm厚型钢结构防火涂料作为保护层的钢柱,
定制衣柜圆弧怎样磨边
用高压锅炖排骨,那么多油怎么办
逸品汇酒庄(国工二街店)地址在什么地方,想过
To tell the t
红瑞格宾馆地址有知道的么?有点事想过去
报损爆米花;一桶爆米花是460gs;油12.6成本,5
兴城市医药有限公司在什么地方啊,我要过去处
金华快捷宾馆(药行街)地址有知道的么?有点事
茅台品味1992大概值多少钱一瓶?
推荐资讯
用鲜血短一点的造句
桐城农商银行24小时自助银行地址在什么地方,
矫正牙齿后,带保持器期间发现牙齿松动,现已
周记开锁行怎么去啊,我要去那办事
我在姨家,打三个数字是几
彩彩一元至多元百货地址在什么地方,想过去办
lol阿狸能出疾步之靴吗?法穿鞋太慢了
金庸群侠传3武当咋进?????
为什么csgo游戏印花变黑一闪一闪
远东通讯在哪里啊,我有事要去这个地方
汽车方向沉怎么修
电业家园这个地址在什么地方,我要处理点事
正方形一边上任一点到这个正方形两条对角线的
阴历怎么看 ?