巴比伦空中花园英文简介

巴比伦空中花园英文简介

Hanging Gardens of Babylon (also known as the Hanging Gardens of Semiramis) and the walls of Babylon (present-day Iraq) were considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World. They were both supposedly built by Nebuchadnezzar II around 600 BC .

The Hanging Gardens are extensively documented by Greek historians such as Strabo and Diodorus Siculus, but otherwise there is little evidence for their existence. In fact, there are no Babylonian records of any such gardens having existed. Some (circumstantial) evidence gathered at the excavation of the palace at Babylon has accrued, but does not completely substantiate what look like fanciful descriptions. Some schools of thought think that through the ages the location may have been confused with gardens that existed at Nineveh as tablets from there clearly showing gardens have been found. Writings on these tablets describe the possible use of something similar to an Archimedes' screw as a process of raising the water to the required height.
According to accounts, the gardens were built to cheer up Nebuchadnezzar's homesick wife, Amyitis. Amyitis, daughter of the king of the Medes, was married to Nebuchadnezzar to create an alliance between the nations. The land she came from, though, was green, rugged and mountainous, and she found the flat, sun-baked terrain of the Mesopotamia (a region of southwest Asia) depressing. The king decided to recreate her homeland by building an artificial mountain with rooftop gardens.

The Hanging Gardens probably did not really "hang" in the sense of being suspended from cables or ropes. The name comes from an inexact translation of the Greek word kremastos or the Latin word pensilis, which means not just "hanging” but "overhanging," as in the case of a terrace or balcony.

The Greek geographer Strabo, who described the gardens in the first century BC, wrote, "It consists of vaulted terraces raised one above another, and resting upon cube-shaped pillars. These are hollow and filled with earth to allow trees of the largest size to be planted. The pillars, vaults, and terraces are constructed of baked brick and asphalt."

If the gardens did exist they would have presented an amazing spectacle: A green, leafy, artificial mountain rising off the plain.

给你一段很经典的，是伟大的游戏《文明》4里的介绍 The Hanging Gardens were a distinctive feature of ancient Babylon. They were a great source of pride to the people, and were often described in accounts written by visitors to the city. Possibly built by King Nebuchadnezzar II in 600 BC, the gardens are believed to have been a remarkable feat of engineering: an ascending series of tiered gardens containing all manner of trees, shrubs, and vines. The gardens were said to have looked like a large green mountain constructed of mud bricks, rising from the center of the city

世界七大奇迹之一 一提到巴比伦文明，令人津津乐道、浮想联翩的首先是“空中花园”。它被誉为世界七大奇迹之一。 巴比伦的空中花园当然从来都不是吊于空中，这个名字的由来纯粹是因为人们把原本除有“吊”之外，还有“突出”之意的希腊文“kremastos”及拉丁文“pensilis”错误翻译所致。 千百年来，关于“空中花园”有一个美丽动人的传说。新巴比伦国王尼布甲尼撒二世(nebuchadrezzar ii, 在位605 bc - 562 bc)娶了米底的公主米梯斯为王后。公主美丽可人，深得国王的宠爱。可是时间一长，公主愁容渐生。尼布甲尼撒不知何故。公主说：“我的家乡山峦叠翠，花草丛生。而这里是一望无际的巴比伦平原，连个小山丘都找不到，我多么渴望能再见到我们家乡的山岭和盘山小道啊！”原来公主得了思乡病。于是，尼布甲尼撒二世令工匠按照米底山区的景色，在他的宫殿里，建造了层层叠叠的阶梯型花园，上面栽满了奇花异草，并在园中开辟了幽静的山间小道，小道旁是潺潺流水。工匠们还在花园中央修建了一座城楼，矗立在空中。巧夺天工的园林景色终于博得公主的欢心。由于花园比宫墙还要高，给人感觉像是整个御花园悬挂在空中，因此被称为“空中花园”，又叫“悬苑”。当年到巴比伦城朝拜、经商或旅游的人们老远就可以看到空中城楼上的金色屋顶在阳光下熠熠生辉。所以，到公元2世纪，希腊学者在品评世界各地著名建筑和雕塑品时，把“空中花园”列为“世界七大奇观”之一。从此以后，“空中花园”更是闻名遐迩。 令人遗憾的是，“空中花园”和巴比伦文明其他的著名建筑一样，早已湮没在滚滚黄沙之中。我们要了解“空中花园”，只能通过后世的历史记载和近代的考古发掘。 不过也有些记载，虽然提到了“空中花园”，但认为传说中的“空中花园”并不是由尼布甲尼撒二世建造的，而是一位叙利亚国王为取悦他的一个爱妃而特意修筑的。有些记载甚至认为传说中的“空中花园”实际上指的是亚述国王辛那赫里布在其都城尼尼微修筑的皇家园林。 直到19世纪末，德国考古学家发掘出巴比伦城的遗址。他们在发掘南宫苑时，在东北角挖掘出一个不寻常的、半地下的、近似长方形的建筑物，面积约1260平方米。这个建筑物由两排小屋组成，每个小屋平均只有6.6平方米。两排小屋由一走廊分开，对称布局，周围被高而宽厚的围墙所环绕。西边那排的一间小屋中发现了一口开了三个水槽的水井，一个是正方形的，两个是椭圆形的。根据考古学家的分析，这些小屋可能是原来的水房，那些水槽则是用来安装压水机的。因此，考古学家认为这个地方很可能就是传说中的“空中花园”的遗址。当年巴比伦人用土铺垫在这些小屋坚固的拱顶上，层层加高，栽种花木。至于灌溉用水是依靠地下小屋中的压水机源源不断供应的。考古学家经过考证证明，那时的压水机使用的原理和我们现在使用的链泵基本一致。它把几个水桶系在一个链带上与放在墙上的一个轮子相连，轮子转动一周，水桶就跟着转动，完成提水和倒水的整个过程，水再通过水槽流到花园中进行灌溉。这种压水机现在仍在两河流域广泛使用。而且，考古学家也的确在遗址里发现了大量种植花木痕迹。然而，到目前为止，在所发现的巴比伦楔形文字的泥版文书，还没有找到确切的文献记载。因此，考古学家的解释是否正确仍需进一步研究。总之，传说中的“空中花园”，它的真实面目依旧隐身于历史的迷雾之中。 巴比伦空中花园最令人称奇的地方是那个供水系统，因为巴比伦雨水不多，而空中花园的遗址相信亦远离幼发拉底河，所以研究人员认为空中花园应有不少如图所示的输水设备，奴隶不停地推动连紧着齿轮的把手，把地下水运到最高一层的储水池，再经人工河流返回地面。另一个难题，是在保养方面，因为一般的建筑物，要长年抵受河水的侵蚀而不塌下是不可能的，由于美索不达米亚平原(mesopotamianplain)没有太多石块，因此研究人员相信空中花园所用的砖块是与别不同，它们被加入了芦苇、沥青及瓦，更有文献指石块被加入了一层铅，以防止河水渗入地基。 参考网址: http://baike.baidu.com/view/32578.html?wtp=tt