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英语:九年级第九单元When was it invented?

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解决时间 2021-05-25 10:19
英语:九年级第九单元When was it invented?
这一单元的重点语法和内容
最佳答案

被动语态(一般现在时)
  主动语态变被动语态时,主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语,主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者.
  被动语态的口诀
  一般现、过用be done,be有人称、时、数变.
  完成时态have(has) done,被动将been加中间.
  一般将来shall (will) do,被动变do为be done.
  将来进行无被动,shall (will) be doing,
  现在完成进行同,have (has) been doing.
  现、过进行be doing,被动be加being done.
  情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变.
  否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前.
  主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前.
  一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变.
  复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变.
  第二句be有人称、时、数变即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化.情助是指情态动词和助动词must,may,can,shall,will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化.疑问一助置主前是说有两个助动词的话,应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前.下面详细举例说明之.
  一般现、过用be done,be有人称、时、数变
  例:1、主动:The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
  被动:The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
  孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾.
  2、主动:People regard him as brilliant.
  被动:He is regarded as brilliant by people.
  人们认为他很有才华.
  以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子,be有人称、时、数变,第三人称foreign friends是复数,时态一般过去时,所以be done就是were given,而People regard him as brilliant一句,被动后的be done就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了.
  完成时态have done,被动将been加中间.
  (过去完成时had done也包括在内).
  例:1、主动:We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
  被动:English has been studied for 3 by us years off and on at the spare-time school.(have随新主语变为has)
  我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了.
  2、主动:They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
  被动:100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.
  到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机.
  3、主动:They have set up a power station in their home town.
  被动:A power station has been set up in their home town.
  他们的家乡建立了一座发电站.
  4、主动:They have warned us to be careful of rats.
  被动:We have been warned to be careful of rats.
  他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠.
  5、主动:People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
  被动:Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
  人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上.
  6、主动:We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.
  被动:Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity.
  核能已用来发电.
  7、主动:No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
  被动:He has never been beaten at tennis.
  就网球来说还没有人是他的对手.
  (No one涉及到全否定和部分否定问题,见否定一讲)
  过去完成时也是一样:
  主动:Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
  被动:My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
  有人早已把我的鞋子擦了.
  一般将来shall (will) do,被动变do为be done
  即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done.
  例:主动:We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.
  被动:Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
  过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂.
  (shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will,do为be done.)
  被动句中的by引出的宾语,一般说来,如果是人称代词你、我、他等,均可省略,someone no one不由by来引出.如果是名词不能省略,但当今英语也都可省略了.
  make...come true 使……成为事实; come true做宾补(见感使动词口诀).
  但如果是一般过去将来时如何处理呢?请记下面口诀:
  一般过去将来时,过去某时将发生.
  主动should (would) do,被动be done代原形.
  将来进行无被动,现在完成进行同.


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