With复合结构的介绍

With复合结构的介绍

with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构都能起很重要的作用。
基本用法：
它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
句法功能：
一、with 复合结构，在句中表状态或说明背景情况 该结构常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。
例句:1、With machinery to do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops.
由于所有的工作都是由机器进行，他们将很快收完庄稼。(原因状语)
2、The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm.
这个孩子总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。(伴随状语)
3、The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.
士兵要他背对着他父亲站着。(方式状语)
4、With spring coming on, trees turn green.
春天到了，树变绿了。(时间状语)
二、with 复合结构可以作定语
例句:Anyone with its eyes in his head can see it's exactly like a rope.
任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。
三、like+名词/代词+补语
例句:1、The old pinetree still stood there like an umbrella covering the entrance of the cave.
这颗老松树依然耸立在那，像伞一样盖住了洞穴
2、The noise sounded like a train going under my house.
这声音听起来像是一列火车在我的屋子下面经过一样。

with复合结构的构成："with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语"构成with复合结构，其中宾语部分可以是名词或代词，宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等。
1 with +宾语 + doing: 宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑主谓关系，表示正在进行或即将发生的动作，经常性动作或状态
With winter coming on, it's time to buywarm clothes.随着冬天的来临，该买暖和的衣服了。
He felt more uneasy with the whole classstaring at him.全班同学看着他，他感到更不自然了。
With his son so disappointing, the old manfelt unhappy.儿子如此令人失望，老人感不高兴。
With the window facing south, I can have agood view in the flat.窗户朝南，我的公寓视野很好。
She could drink fresh milk, with a boydelivering milk every morning.有个男孩每天早上送牛奶，她可以喝新鲜牛奶。
The young woman, with a baby sleeping inher arms, was wandering in the street.有个年轻的女人，怀里抱着一个婴儿在睡觉，在街上闲逛。
The Yangtze River is very busy with so manyboats and ships coming and going every day.每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌。
2 with +宾语 + done: 宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑动宾关系，不及物动词表示已完成；及物动词表示被动已完成
The boy was crying with the toy broken.玩具破了，那男孩在哭。
With the problem settled, we felt relieved.问题解决了，我们感到轻松。
You should go to sleep with the lightturned off.你应该把灯熄了再睡。
All the afternoon he worked with the doorlocked.整个下午他锁着门工作。
He lay on his back, with his teeth set andhis eyes closed.他仰卧着，咬着牙、闭着眼。
With this problem solved, neomycin 1 is nowin regular production.随着这个问题的解决，新霉素一号现在已常规生产了。
3 with + 宾语 + to do: 宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑主谓关系或动宾关系，表示即将进行的动作
He could not finish it with me not to helphim.没有我帮忙，他完不成任务。
With the dictionary to help him, he tried tofinish reading the story-book.借助词典，他想把这本书读完。
So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, Iwent on a round of the bookshops.由于下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。
With so many essays to write, he won't havetime to go shopping this morning.有这么多文章写，他今天早上将没有时间去购物。
He lay in the dark empty house, with not aman, woman or child to say he was kind to me.他躺在黑暗的空房子里，没有一个男人、女人或孩子会说他对我仁慈。
with复合结构中如果不定式的动作知道是谁执行，又跟with后面的名词或代词是动宾关系，不定式用主动式。
With a lot of work to do, he was not allowedto go out.有许多工作要做，不允许出他去。
I can't go out shopping, with all thesedirty clothes to wash.所有这些脏衣服要洗，我不能出去购物。
with结构中如果不定式的动作不知道由谁执行，又跟with后面的名词或代词是动宾关系，不定式用被动式。
With so many places of interest to be visited,the tourism here is very prosperous.有这么多名胜古迹可以参观，这里的旅游业非常繁荣。
With so many tasks to be completed, thevacation trip was postponed till next weekend.有这么多任务要完成，假期旅行被推迟到下个周末。
4 with + 宾语 + 介词短语
He was asleep with his head on his arms.他把头埋在他的怀里睡着了。
The teacher came in with a book in his hand.老师进来了，手里拿着本书。
He sat near the fire with his back to thedoor.他坐在炉子旁，背朝着房门。
The headmaster was walking up and down withthe ruler under his arm.校长腋下挟着一把尺，走来走去。
BBC English broadcasts programs for Chinawith explanations in Chinese.英国BBC英语广播对中国广播节目有中文解释。
5 with + 宾语 + 形容词
With the floor wet, I had to stay outside.由于地板潮湿，我只得呆在屋外。
He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。
He doesn't like to sleep with the windowsopen.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
With the weather so close and stuffy, tento one it'll rain presently.天气这么闷热，十之八九要下雨。
With the door open, the noise of themachine is almost deafening.门开着，机器的噪音几乎震耳欲聋。
6 with + 宾语 + 副词
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前，小孩在后走着。
With her sister out, she had to stay at homealone.她姐姐出去了，她只得独自呆在家里。
The little boy sat in front of the house,with his shoes off.这个小男孩脱了鞋子坐在房子前面。
Our school looks even more beautiful withall the lights on.所有灯都亮时，我们学校看上去更美。
The square looks more beautiful than everwith all the light on.所有灯亮起来时，广场看起来比以前更美。
7 with + 宾语 + 名词
He cut the paper with a ruler (as) hisknife.他用尺当刀子裁开了纸。
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.他去世时，他女儿还是个学生。
He left home, with his wife a hopelesssoul.他离家出走了，他妻子十分伤心。
The man fought against the thief with astick (as) a weapon.那男子以木棍作武器同盗贼搏斗。
Many people joined in the work, with someof them women and children.许多人参加了这项工作，其中有些妇女和儿童。
She used to sit there reading in theevening with her pet dog her only companion.她从前总爱在晚上坐在那儿看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。