Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins Twinkle, twinkle, little star or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as Twinkle, twinkle, little star and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule. that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development
【小题1】What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1A．Children have a better memory than grown-ups.B．People remember well what they learned in childhood.C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words.“D．Stories for children are easy to remember【小题2】The author explains the law of overlearning byA．presenting research findingsB．setting down general rulesC．using examples D．making a comparison【小题3】According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables isA．a result of overlearningB．a special case of crammingC．a skill to deal with math problemsD．a basic step towards advanced studies【小题4】What is the author's opinion on cramming?A．It leads to failure in college exams.B．It increases students' learning interest.C．It's possible to result in poor memory.D．It's helpful only in a limited way.B

(答案→)B 解析：本文主要讲述了overlearning，并列举了多个有关的事例来证明overlearning的学习效果和作用。【小题1】B 段落大意题。根据本段第一句Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.可知本段讲述的是人们经常能够记住我们小时候所学的内容。接下来还举了另外几个例子来说明。故B正确。【小题2】C 推理题。根据In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them.说明作者是通过举例说明的方法来解释这个原理的，故C正确。【小题3】A 推理题。根据文章最后一段前3行The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule. that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.可知学会使用乘法口诀也是overlearn的一个结果。故A正确。【小题4】D 推理题。根据文章最后一段3,4,5,6行The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.可知cramming (突击学习)的效果只能延续很短的时间，所以说只在有限的方面起作用。故D正确。

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