关于初三（上）英语各模块的要点 短语
- 提问者网友：谁的错
- 2021-05-05 23:38
- 五星知识达人网友：掌灯师
- 2021-05-06 00:45
1. 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。
2. 宾语从句：短语动词
Please go and find out when the train will arrive. 请去弄清楚火车什么时候到。
His teacher pointed out that Tom hadn't studied hard enough.
老师指出汤姆学习不够努力。
That depends on how you do it. 那得看你怎么做的。
3. 宾语从句：及物动词
Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees. 谁都知道钱不是长在树上。
Have you decided where you will go for a holiday? 你有没有决定到什么地方去度假？
4. 宾语从句：介词的宾语
I am curious as to what they are going to do next.
我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。
The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.
这对双胞胎姐妹的区别，仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。
I am interested in what she is doing. 我对她做的事感兴趣。
5. 宾语从句：否定的转移
有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。
I don't suppose you're used to this diet. = I suppose you aren't used to this diet.
我想你不习惯这种饮食。
I didn't expect she would pass the entrance examination. = I expected she wouldn't pass the entrance examination. 我以为她不能通过入学考试。
6. 虚拟语气：宾语从句
一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用should+原形动词结构,should往往可以省略。这类动词有: advice, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest等。
I suggested that he study harder. 我建议他用功一些。（这一题要特别注意：为什么study用原形。）
I insisted that he (should) go. 我强调他应当去。
7. 宾语从句的省略
引导宾语从句的that之后接的从句不长时，可以省略。如果that后面的宾语从句较长时，that不能省略。
I hope (that) you'll be fine soon. 我希望你尽快康复。
谓语动词构成：I/ we/ you/ they have been working
He / she/ it has been working
(1) 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史.
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语.
(2) 表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作
We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了.
(3) 有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.他们在这个城市已经住了10年了.
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.我在这里已经工作两年了.
(4) 大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子
I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书.
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书.
(5) 表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时
I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了.
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，等.
谓语动词构成：I/we/you/they have worked; he/she/it has worked
(1) 表示过去某一时刻发生，且延续到现在的动作或状态，这种情况常与表示一段的时间状语连用
We have lived here since last October. 自从去年十月份我们就一直住在这儿。
She has studied English for 5 years. 她学英语已有5年之久
(2) 表示某个已经发生且对现在造成影响或结果的动作，这种情况常不与任何时间状语连用
I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.
对不起，我把钥匙弄丢了.门开不了了.
She has left. If you want to see her, you'll have to come tomorrow.
她已经走了.如果你想见她的话，你得明天再来一趟.
等等........