什么是定语从句和什么是宾语从句？

什么是定语从句和什么是宾语从句？

一 定义：
　　宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。
　　A 作动词的宾语:
　　I heard the news.
　　主语 谓语动词 名词作宾语
　　I　heard that he would come here later on.
　　主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语---宾语从句
　　B 作介词的宾语:
　　He　said　nothing about the plan.
　　主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 名词作介词的宾语
　　He　said　nothing about who broke the window last night.
　　主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词　一个句子作介词的宾语
　　二　带有宾语从句的复合句的构成:
　　带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.
　　1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.
　　宾语
　　2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.
　　间接宾语 直接宾语
　　3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer.
　　间接宾语 直接宾语
　　4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.
　　who hadn’t passed the exam.
　　when she would leave this building.
　　why she cried last night.
　　where she was going to study.
　　which student was his partner in the short play.
　　if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning.
　　how she managed to solve the problem.
　　why water flows from a high position to a lower position.
　　在例子4中，当主句是过去时态时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种，（大自然的现象和真理除外）。
　　5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner.
　　who broke the window yesterday.
　　when I can have a holiday.
　　why I failed the exam yesterday.
　　where I should have dinner with my friend tonight.
　　which book is the best one.
　　if (whether) I have passed the exam.
　　how my cat escaped from the room last night.
　　在例子5中，当主语是现在时态时（一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时，现在完成时），从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。
　　三　注意：
　　A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
　　False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
　　Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
　　B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
　　Bad: I thought that he could finish this　job in just two hours impossible.
　　Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.　
　　Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
　　Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
　　C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
　　Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
　　Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
　　D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。　
　　False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
　　Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
定语从句及相关术语
　　1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
　　2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
　　3.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
[编辑本段]（一） 限定性定语从句
　　1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
　　2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
　　3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that
　　4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
　　5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
　　6. when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
　　By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
　　7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.
　　8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
　　There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。

首先，定语就是形容词，是修饰名词的词语。宾语是名词，是动词后跟着的宾语名词。

所谓的从句就是用一句话来充当一个词的身份。

定语从句就是用一句话来充当一个修饰名词的形容词结构。

宾语从句就是用一句话来充当本该由一个名词来承担的动词后名词