英语长难句结构解读

Chapbooks were pamphlet-sized books, usually containing popular tales, ballads, poems,
short plays, and jokes, small, both in formal and number of pages, they were generally
bound simply, in boards (a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a
sewn antecedent of modern-day paperbacks).

Chapbooks were pamphlet-sized books, usually containing popular tales, ballads, poems, short plays, and jokes, small, both in formal and number of pages, they were generally bound simply, in boards (a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day paperbacks).
这是一篇介绍印刷历史的文章中的节选。
Chapbooks were pamphlet-sized books为一句完整的话，usually containing popular tales, ballads, poems, short plays, and jokes为分词短语作状语修饰前面的句子，small, both in formal and number of pages,形容词短语作后置定语修饰books。
they were generally bound simply, in boards (a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day paperbacks).这是一个or连接的并列句。我认为they前面应有连词and。small, in boards (a form of cardboard)作分词bound的状语
小本诗歌集是小册子大小的书，通常收录了流行的传说，民谣，诗歌，短剧和笑话，在外形和页数上都很小，它们常常装帧简单，配以纸板（一种卡片纸板）或者仅仅用纸书皮(现代简装书的祖先)装订。
以上供参考

21、tom can work wonders on computer. 翻译：汤姆在计算机方面可以创造奇迹。 难点是对work一词的理解。这里，work 是及物动词，意思是“产生、造成” ，所以 work wonders 就是“创造奇迹 ”。 22、i think it’s best to teach in a bigger city where there are other foreigners to mix with，rather than a small town where english teachers often complain of feeling like a gold fish in a bowl. 结构分析： 1）主句：i think ... 我认为... 2）宾语从句：it's best to teach in a bigger city ...，rather than a small town ...（主语是不定式，it 是形式主语） 最好在...大点儿的而不是小城市教书， 3) 嵌套定语从句： * where there are other foreigners to mix with， 有其他外国人结交的（大城市） * where english teachers often complain of feeling like a gold fish in a bowl. 外国教师抱怨感到像囚在笼子里的一样（小城市）。 难点： 1）to mix with：介词 with 的逻辑宾语是 other foreigners，引申意思是“结交” 2）rather than：宁可...也不愿, 与其...倒不如, 而不是 （好像上次给你说过） 3）like a gold fish in a bowl. 修辞格，比喻地方窄小，像养在鱼缸里的金鱼一样活动不开。 23、the star salary if fine to live on，but whether you can save money depends on how much going out and traveling you do here. 一、翻译：那些走运的薪金如果足以赖以生存，然而是否攒钱的需要根据花出去多少、有多少让你移居此处供职而定。 二、 难点注释： 1）star 交好运 2）if fine：条件从句的省略：if it is fine （优等的，足以） 3）depend on：依靠, 依赖 4）how much going out：把多少钱花出去 （how much 是动名词短语的逻辑主语） 5）（how much）traveling you do here （多少钱）让你迁居到这里做事。 （结构同上，travel是及物动词，意思是“使...移动”） 6）live on 赖以生存 24、join the thousands of professionals and international travelers who depend on champs-elysees schau ins land ，puerta del sol and acquered italiano to help them stay in touch with the languages and cultures they love. （拼写错误不少！） 一、翻译：加入到成千上万依靠 ⑴、⑵ 和 ⑶ 的专业和国际性旅行者中去帮助他们与他们喜欢的语言和文化保持接触。 二、结构分析： 1）主句：join the thousands of professionals and international travelers 2）定语从句：who depend on ⑴, ⑵ and ⑶ to help them stay in touch with the languages and cultures they love. 其中： * 介词 on 后并三个宾语: ⑴ champs-elysees schau inlands, ⑵ puerta del sol ⑶ acquired italian * 短语 1：help sb. to wth. * 短语 2：in touch with * 嵌套定语从句： they love 25、…or your money back. 没有上文很难猜出 back 是什么词性（名词、形容词还是副词，当然由于不是单三形式的 backs， 动词是不可能的，？） 26、the result you build fluency month in and month out 只看出其中有定语从句 you build，但是整个句子缺少主要动词，无法分析。 * month in and month out 年年岁岁，年复一年，日复一日，月来月去 27、we guarantee that you have nothing to lose if it’s not for you 结构：主句 + 宾语从句（嵌套条件状语从句） 翻译：我们保证如果不是为你而如何的你什么也不会失去。（缺乏语境，不知道 it 指代什么。） 28.、ring for more information，or order at www.。 打电话索取更多的信息户或者在 www 网上订购（或定制）。 29、the enthusiasm comes through in every edition 翻译：热心（热情, 狂热, 积极性）都在每个版本中有所流露。 * come through; 经历, 脱险, 传出, 捐助, 成功 30、….background notes included 基本情况评论包括在内 （片语，只能这样翻译） 注释：background notes included 是独立主格结构，即：逻辑主语background notes + 过去分词 inclided ） 建议 今后提问题注意以下两点： 1）专有名词的大写是必要的，不然按普通名理解会引起歧义； 2）如果属于片语，给出必要的语言背景是必要的。