十五十六世纪欧洲社会发展

十五十六世纪欧洲社会发展要英文版的，中文的没用~

Politics: the feudal forces are dominant.
Economy: commodity economy and capitalism embryonic development and growth.
Ideology and culture: the launching of the Renaissance.
In short, capitalism began to develop.

The Renaissance was the rise of the 14th century city in Italy, the 16th century, the prevailing one in Europe, the ideological and cultural movement, bringing a science and art revolution, opened the curtain of modern European history, is considered the boundaries of medieval and modern. Marxist historians considered the age of feudalism and capitalism, the boundaries of the era.

Introduction

General agreement that the Renaissance began in 14th century Italy (the term derived from Italian Renaissance Rinascimento, which means regeneration or recovery), later extended to the Western European countries, the 16th century reached its peak. In 1550, Vasari in his "ivan Celebrity Biography", the official use of it as the name of the new culture. This term is written in turn by the French Renaissance, 17 century, common in European countries. The 19th century, Western historians further integrate it as a 14 to 16 century, Western culture is the general term. Western historians had thought that it was ancient Greece, Roman Empire, the revival of arts and culture.

Development

14 century, with arts and crafts workshops for the development of industry and the commodity economy, the capitalist relations have gradually formed within the feudal system in Europe; in the political, feudal separatism has aroused widespread dissatisfaction with the awakening of national consciousness began to European countries calling for the public performance of the national a strong desire reunification. Resulting in the arts also began to reflect the emerging interests and demands of the capitalist forces of a new era. The emerging bourgeoisie that medieval culture is a step backwards, while the Greek and Roman classical culture is a bright example of well-developed, they sought revival of classical culture - the so-called "renaissance" is in fact an intellectual and spiritual liberation and the creation of an unprecedented.

At that time in Italy in the city forest of the state, all cities are an independent or semi-independent state, after the 14th century cities in a gradual shift from a republic to dictatorship. Dictators indulge in pleasures, and believe in Neo-Platonism, it is to escape the shackles of religious asceticism, and vigorously protect the artists portrayal of secular life. At the same time San Franciscan religious radicalism sought to dispense with orthodox religious scholastic philosophy, the beauty of nature's beauty and value of the human spirit. The Holy See is also the corruption of the size of the previous pope's pleasure was even more severe than the secular dictators, they are also to protect the artist, allowing art from traditional religious dogma. Philosophy, science have been gradually relaxed atmosphere in more development, but also brewing a prelude to the Reformation.