美国英文介绍

跪求！！！！明天要用，初二的就好
要西部的，包括地理、气候和文化

The Western USA interconnection (Pacific Intertie)
The AC/DC Pacific Intertie is the largest single electricity transmission program in the United States.

For over 30 years, electricity consumers on the US West Coast have benefited from a power link that allows large amounts of power to be transmitted between the Pacific Northwest and the Southwest. The high-voltage transmission lines that make this power-sharing possible collectively are called the Pacific Intertie.
The Intertie includes three AC lines and one HVDC line. Together, they comprise the largest single electricity transmission program in the United States. The Intertie is capable of transmitting up to 7,900 MW - 4,800 on AC and 3,100 on DC.

Because large amounts of Northwest hydro power can be transmitted reliably to the Southwest, less power has been generated at fossil-fuel power plants - an important benefit in a part of the country with air pollution problems. Conversely, because the Northwest has been able to import power from California, particularly overnight when demand is low, water can be reserved in reservoirs that otherwise would be used to make electricity. From time to time the power has also been going northwards when the Northwest has been lacking hydro power.

The initial Intertie consisted of two 500 kV AC lines and one ±400 kV DC line linking Oregon with Los Angeles. The northern end of the DC line is at the Bonneville Power Administration’s Celilo Converter Station, which is just south of The Dalles Dam about 90 miles east of Portland. The southern end is 846 miles (1361 km) away at the Sylmar Converter Station on the northern outskirts of Los Angeles. That station is operated by utilities including the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) and Southern California Edison.

The northern end of the AC Intertie is at the John Day Substation, 30 miles (48 km) east of the DC terminal Celilo. Two AC lines run south from John Day to Lugo, east of Los Angeles. These lines went into service in 1968 and 1969, at a combined total capacity of 2,500 MW. A third line from The Dalles Dam to Tesla, east of San Francisco, was completed in 1993 and brought the total AC capacity to 4,800 MW.

To maximize the power transfer over the AC-lines several series capacitor (SC) installations have been built along the route. At the turn of the millennium several of these are being upgraded by ABB, under a contract with Pacific Gas&Electric (PG&E). The main reason for the upgrade is the need to enable more power transfer, but other factors considered are the age of the equipment (some is from the 1960's), parts availability, capacitor cans containing PCB and too frequent mal-operations of old series capacitor protection equipment. When the SC upgrade program is completed some years into the 21:st century, the maximum current carrying capability over the Intertie AC lines has been raised from 1,800 Amperes to 2,700 Amperes.

The HVDC line was energised in 1970 at 1,440 MW. It was upgraded to ±500 kV and 2,000 MW in 1985, and to 3,100 in 1989

cultural difference between chinese and american individual lifestyles american a culture of self-expression chinese a culture of self restrain clear expression of joy and sorrow ambiguous of joy and sorrow unequivocal expression of “yes/no”. equivocal expression of “yes/no”. strong personality weak personality priority of self-interest priority of harmony with others source: norihiko shimizu's paper “today’s taboos may be gone tomorrow", peking business, february 1995, p.51. cultural differences between chinese and american business american business chinese business game concept: business is a game in pursuit of profits under the rules of laws and contracts mutual trust-oriented business: business is based on trusting relationship among people rather than the rules of game efficiency-oriented and approximate accuracy simplicity, clarity, and quickness highly precision-oriented and perfectionism-high dependency on human awareness easy layoffs, dismissals of employees, and selling of businesses job security low mutual dependence between employers and employees high mutual dependence between employers and employees heavy dependence on machinery and technology, vs. light dependence on human resources heavy dependence on human resources this comparision answered many of my questions on effeciency v.s. diversity, why the way of doing business is so different cross the two continents.