过去时态的用法

[解题过程]
1.表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态.
e.g.He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago.
Where were you just now?
2.表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态.
e.g.Their children often went hungry in the old days.
During his middle school years,he played football nearly every day.
3.表示主语过去的特征或性格等.
e.g.At that time she spoke very good English.
4.一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用.如:yesterday,last night,two days (months,weeks) ago,in 1996,at that time 等,也常和when,if等引导的状语从句连用.
e.g.Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon?
My father,when he was a child,worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.
5.一般过去时可与today,this week,this month等时间状语连用.
e.g.I saw him today.
He came late three times this week.
过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成.
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句.
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b.状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时；发生在后,用一般过去时.
When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.
c.表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示原本…,未能…
We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before,by,until ,when,after,once,as soon as.
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A.had written,left B,were writing,has left C.had written,had left D.were writing,had left
答案D.把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前,因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时.句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在同学们正忙于……这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生.因此
前一句应用过去进行时.
注意：had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
1.过去将来时（The Future-in-the-Past Tense)
1)过去将来时一般由“助动词would(should)＋动词原形”构成,也可以用“was (were) going to＋动词原形”来表示.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,这种时态常用在宾语从句中.
I thought the film was going to be very interesting.
我原以为这个电影会很有趣.
No one knew which country would hold the next Olympic Games.
谁也不知道将由哪个国家举办下一届奥林匹克运动会.
2)由were/was going to 表示过去将来时
Jackie thought the American country music was going to be very popular.
杰基认为美国乡村音乐将深受欢迎.
The Greens were going to spend their winter vacation abroad.
格林一家将到国外去度寒假.
Zhou Lan said she was going to work hard at her English.
周兰说她将努力学习英语.
Charlie wrote he and his father were going to cut rice soon.
查利写道他与他父亲不久就打算割稻.
3)用would表示过去将来时
They told me that they would come home by air for the holiday.
他们告诉我说他们将乘飞机回家度假.
The writer thought it would be wrong to eat m＆＃111nkeys.
作者认为吃猴子肉是不对的.
It would be very difficult to make progress if you didn't work hard.
假如你不努力的话,就很难取得进步.
4)过去将来时态中的否定形式
The radio broadcast that it was not going to snow tomorrow.
电台广播说明天不会下雪.
He explained that he was not going to take part in the sports meeting.
他解释说他将不参加运动会.
During an earthquake weak buildings would not stay up.
地震时不结实的楼房就要倒塌.
He would not prepare any special food for his cousin.