什么时候发生部分倒装和完全倒装，全面一点，详细一点

什么时候发生部分倒装和完全倒装，全面一点，详细一点

英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。
　　装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。
　　一、 全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种情况:
　　1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:
　　There goes the bell! 铃响了！ There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.注意: ①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, mush等。 ②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。
　　2、方位状语在句首, 如:
　　In front of the house stopped a police car.
　　Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
　　Under the tree sat a boy.
　　3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装
　　"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.
　　二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:
　　1,否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely,seldom
　　Never shall I forget you. At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
　　Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.
　　2、 几对并列连词如not only…but also, hardly… when等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装:
　　Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away.
　　No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
　　注意: ①not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装,如:Not only you but also I like playing chess.
　　②neither…nor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
　　3、only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:
　　Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can I learn from my fault.
　　Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.
　　注意: only强调主语不倒装:Only the teachers can use the room.
　　4、so…that句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装来自：求助得到的回答

倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化，主要作用是强调被提前的部分
倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种：
一、全部倒装
谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装，如：
Out came his guest.
On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.
There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.
二、部分倒装
助动词或情态动词提至主语之前，谓语动词位置不变，即为部分倒装，如：
Neither could he see through your plan.
So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
Doesn't her invitation appeal to you?
第一节 否定词提前倒装
否定词用于句首时，句子应进行部分倒装
否定词常用的有：
Not only…(but also), 　　　　　　　Not until(直到…..才),
No sooner….(than)(一…..就) Never/ Rarely/Seldom
Hardly/Scarcely… (when) Few/Little
Neither/Nor (也不)　　　　　　　 Nwhere
At no time　　　　　　　 Under no circumstances(决不)
On no account (决不)　　　　　　　In no way
其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭配使用，需注意：后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装，只有否定词之后的部分倒装
如：Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he came out first as well.
No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face.
Seldom does he travel about.
Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.
此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中，需填入的是倒装部分，只要在句首见到上述的词，就应条件反射的想到用倒装句
例题：
(1)
_______ was the first fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
(A) Not until 1866
(B) Until 1866, just
(C) Until 1866
(D) In 1866, not until

答案：A

第二节 介词、分词词组提前倒装
当句子没有宾语，且主语偏长时，往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首，引起主谓的全部倒装
如：In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she had cast.
Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government, which she had blamed for all the social injustices.
Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties.

第三节 副词提前倒装
副词提至句首引起倒装，可分以下几种情况：
1. only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)
或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前，必须部分倒装
如：Only then did he realize how stupid he had been.
Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was danger.
Only in the library can she concentrate on her study.

2. often, such, so等副词提前，部分倒装
如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam.
=He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam.
Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.
Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer.
注意，so的另一种倒装是表示“也…”
California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida.
加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入，佛罗里达也是这样
　　　
同理，体会一下neither, nor的倒装
He can't dance, neither/nor can I.= I can't, either.
他不会跳舞，我也不会。
　　　
3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前，全部倒装
如：Off got the staggering gentlemen.
Here are the photos I took at the seaside.