分词短语 知识讲解 什么叫做分词短语做状语

分词短语 知识讲解 什么叫做分词短语做状语

分词（短语）作状语是非谓语动词的一个重要用法,也是高考考查的一个热点.分词作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步状语时,分别等于被省略的状语从句或并列谓语结构.作状语在句首时,有时可以和when,unless, once, while, if, though 等连词连用.分词作状语时,其逻辑主语常和全句主语一致,可根据主动、被动关系以及其时态意义,选择现在分词、过去分词的其他形式.掌握其用法可从以下几个方面入手：一、掌握分词作状语时与句子主语的关系1、过去分词作状语时,与句子主语（即过去分词的逻辑主语）存在被动的关系,有时还表示动作已经完成.例如：Seen from the top of the hill, the train looks like a snake.（表示被动,分词动作与句子谓语动作同时发生）从这座山上看来,火车就像一条蛇.Told many times, he hasn’t remembered it. （表示被动,分词动作先于句子谓语动作发生）已经被多次告知,他还是未能记住这事.而现在分词作状语,与句子主语存在主动关系.Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.使用一般式还是完成式,主语语态还是被动语态,主要根据分词与句中谓语的时间关系、分词与句中的主语的关系来确定.Not having received his letter for long, she felt a little worried.Being treated, the injured cried all the time.[考例] ①（2003北京）________ time , he’ll make a first—class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given②（2000上海）_________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the in the United States.A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding③_______a reply, he decided to write again. ( 92 )A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received④“We can’t go out in this weather,”said Bob , ____ out of the window. ( 04 四川 吉林)A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked2、某些过去分词（短语）由于来源于系表结构,有些甚至具有形容词的特征,因此,虽然它们作状语时与句子主语之间存在逻辑意义上的主动关系,但仍然用它们的过去分词来作状语.这类过去分词（短语）常见的主要有：caught in , devoted to （忠实于；热爱）,disappointed at , determined to . dressed in , exhausted（疲惫不堪）,hidden, lost in （沉湎于）, prepared for, seated, tired of （厌倦）等.例如：Caught in the heavy rain, Jennifer didn’t arrive on time.遭遇大雨,詹妮弗没有按时到达.Disappointed at the examination results, the top student sat there in stony silence.对考试结果很失望,那位尖子生一言不发地坐在那儿.Entirely devoted to the Party, the young soldier gave his life for his country.对党无限忠诚,这位年轻的士兵为祖国献出了生命.[考例] ⑤（NMET1996）______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.二、掌握分词作状语在句中的位置分词作状语,常位于句首,也可以位于句尾,间或也可位于句中（主语后面）,均需用逗号与句子主干分隔开.例如：Being sick, I stayed at home.Realizing that she couldn’t move the heavy box, she asked me to help her.He came running back to tell me the news.Followed by his assistants, the professor walked out of the hall.The professor walked out of the hall, followed by his assistants.The professor, followed by his assistants, walked out of the hall.[考例] ⑥（2003北京春）Mr. Smith, _____of the _____speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring⑦(2004上海春） After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ____.A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted三、掌握分词作状语与状语从句之间的转换分词作状语在功能上相当于状语从句,在句中可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、让步等.所以这些短语往往可以把它转化成对应的从句或句子.① 表示时间Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.(=When I looked out of the window….)我从窗户望出去,看见几个学生在那儿玩.Heated, water will

我明天再问问老师，叫他解释下这个问题