用英语介绍菊花

写论文用的。不用介绍种类。大概是赏花 和 扫墓 一类的就好了

或者翻译以下内容。。翻译机器翻译出来的会比较奇怪。

菊花的哀悼含义来自国外

很少有人意识到，用菊花扫墓如同用玫瑰表达爱情一样，其实主要是“西俗东渐”的结果；而更少会有人知道，菊花是从中国遍及世界的。

欧洲的词典上出现“菊花”一词，大约是17世纪末荷兰人在经商时将其从我国引入之后，18世纪菊花传入法国，而后19世纪中期又被引入拉丁美洲……以致遍及全球。

在欧洲，菊花栽种得最多之处是墓地，因为欧洲的传统文化认为菊花是墓地之花，如果做客或送人的话，此花是万万不可携带的。在拉丁美洲，菊花也有“妖花”之称。可见其在西方的地位。

又有消息报道，中国的菊花大量出口至东邻日本，创造了良好的经济效益。一海相隔之遥，搭上这些保藏运输的高昂费用，居然也能获利颇丰；这是由于日本对菊花需求量之大以致日本国内供不应求。在日本，即使是一个普通人离世，也常常要用到两三万枝菊花；更何况一个墓地每年对菊花的需求量。

与国外迥异，菊花在中国传统文化中有两层含义，一是高尚的气节；二是吉祥长寿。

和道家的“师法自然”相反，儒文化讲究的是“比德”，主观地以自然山水来对应人的品行。菊花即以它凌霜而放，西风不落的傲骨和其“此花开尽更无花”的气度被赋予了坚贞不屈的高洁情操。另外，菊花开放在九月，“九”是单位数中最大的数，被称做“至数”、“阳数”，因而菊花与九九双阳相叠的重阳一样，被赋予吉祥、长寿的寓意。“采菊东篱下”是为了食取菊花的保健功效以健康，“悠然见南山”也照应了“寿比南山”之意。

可见，古代是以菊花祝福或赞赏活者；而今则是用其悼念故人。其实，菊花以至任何花木的含义都是人们赋予的，而且文化习惯也在不断地改变着；在这个推崇个性的时代，我们更是需要独立思考和自主选择。如果你喜欢菊花，又何妨像古人一样，集一束于案头？

Chrysanthemum condolences meaning from abroad

Few people realize that, like chrysanthemum grave expression of love with Rose, mainly a matter of fact, "West goes East," the results; and fewer people will know that the Chinese chrysanthemum from all over the world.

Europe's Dictionary on "Chrysanthemum" is about 17 at the end of the century the Dutch business will be introduced from China, the chrysanthemum into the 18th century France, before the mid-19th century was the introduction of Latin America ... so that ... all over the world.

In Europe, most of the chrysanthemum plant is the cemetery, as Europe's traditional culture is that the burial of chrysanthemum flowers, if friends or guests, the flowers should never be carried. In Latin America, the chrysanthemum has "spent demon." Can be seen in the West.

There are news reports that China's exports to a large number of chrysanthemum east Japan, to create a good economic benefits. Separated by a sea away, they catch the preservation of the high transport costs, profit was also quite good; This is due to Japan's Chrysanthemum demand resulting in large demand in Japan. In Japan, even the death of an ordinary person, often to the use of the two 30,000 chrysanthemum; not to mention a cemetery for the annual Chrysanthemum demand.

With different foreign countries, chrysanthemum in the Chinese traditional culture has two implications, one of high integrity; Second, the good fortune and longevity.

Taoism and the "natural Shifa" On the contrary, the Confucian culture is about, "Peter" and subjective to the natural landscape in order to correspond to human behavior. Chrysanthemum Lingshuang and that is to put it, the west wind off the non-characters and their "do more with flowers bloom" tolerance has been given the Jianzhenbuqu noble sentiment. In addition, the daisy open in September, "Nine" is the largest single-digit number, known as the "to" and "yang", which Shuangyang Xiangdie Chrysanthemum and the Chung Yeung Festival on September 9, be given the good fortune, longevity Meaning. "Picking Dong-Ju" in order to get fresh chrysanthemum of the effectiveness of health care, "leisurely southern mountains" to look after the "Shoubinanshan" was conveyed.

We can see that based on the ancient Chrysanthemum or appreciate the blessings of living persons; now is the memory of their old friends. In fact, as well as chrysanthemum flowers and trees of any meaning is given by the people, culture and habits are constantly changing; respected personality in this era, we need to think independently and to choose. If you like the chrysanthemum, so be it, like the ancients, like a bouquet set on a desk?

Dendranthemamorifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.或ChrysanthemummorifoliumRamat.

chrysanthemum chrysanthemums inject a splash of colour into late summer and autumn borders, and come in a wide range of sizes, shapes and colours. they're often still going strong within weeks of christmas, and outlast almost everything else in cold, wet conditions.

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