英语的there be句型怎么转换？

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2008-09-05　来源：英语语法网　

1. there be结构的主谓一致

在英语里表示什么地方或时间存在什么事情就用此结构，句子的结尾往往带有地点状语或时间状语。其中there是引导词，本身没有词意，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。be的数与后面的名词一致，若be后是两个或多个并列的名词，be则与靠得最近的那个名词的数一致。如：

There was a meeting yesterday. 昨天有个会议。

There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和好些铅笔。

比较：There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk.

2. there be与have的比较

(1) 用法不同：there be 表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。

(2) 结构不同：there be + sb./sth. +时间/地点(副词或介词短语)；sb./sth. + have +sb./sth. else

There are some children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。

She has three cars. 她拥有三辆汽车。(汽车是属于她的)

注：若是部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表达方式都可以。如：

A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。

3. there be的否定和疑问

(1) 否定式：be后面加not(any)或no。如：

There are not any boats on the river. 河上没有船。

(2) 疑问句：是把be移到there的前面来。如：

Are there any boat on the river? 河上有船吗？

Yes, there are..(No, there are not.) 有。（没有。）

注：若有别的助动词时就不一样了，请看：

There won’t be a football match tomorrow, will there? 明天没有足球赛，对吗？

There usedn’t to be a tall tree here, used/didn’t ther? 以前这里有棵高树，是不是？

There seems to be something wrong with you, doesn’t there? 你好像有些不舒服，对吗？

There happened to be a well there, didn’t there? 那里碰巧有口井，是不是？

4. there be结构的时态

there be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：

There was a sport meeting in the playground yesterday. 昨天运动场举行了一场运动会。

There will be (=There is going to be) a new film show on Monday. 星期一将有一场新电影放。

There is to be a concert at the school hall. 学校礼堂有场音乐会。

There have been a lot of accidents round here. 这里已经发生多起事故了。

He told me that there had been an argument between them. 他告诉我们之间发生了一场争论。

There will have been a definite result by Friday. 到星期五前就已经有明确的结果了。

There must be a mistake somewhere. 一定在什么地方有错误。

There must have been a rain last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下了雨，因为地是湿的。

5. there be结构的变体

该结构中，有时be还可以被live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等动词代替。如：

Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一个老人。

There remained just twenty-eight pounds. 只剩二十八英镑了。

There seems little doubt that he is insane. 似乎没有多少疑问他的神经不正常。

6. there be的非限定形式

there be的非限定形式是there to be和there being，主要用来做介词或动词的宾语、主语或状语。如：

Have you ever thought of there being so many interesting films for you to choose from?没想到过有这么多有趣的电影供你选择吧？

John was relying on there being another opportunity. 约翰相信另有机会。

There being a bus stop so near my house is a great advantage. 有公交车停在离我房子这么近的地方是很大的优势。

There having been no rain, the ground was dry. 由于没有下雨，地上很干燥。

It’s unusual for there to be so few people in the street. (=It’s unusual that there are so few people in the street) 这条街上这么少的人是不寻常的。

It was too late for there to be any subways. 太晚了，不会有地铁了。

Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem? 你们要开个会讨论一下这个问题吗?

I don’t want there to be a simple mistake in the article that I have written. 我不想我写的这篇文章中有错误。

I except there to be no argument about this. 我期限望对此事没有争论的。

注：there to be常做like, expect, mean, want, intend, prefer, hate等的复合宾语。

7. there be的固定句型

There be +名词或代词+to do (+介词) 有某事要做

There be + some/no+ trouble/difficulty ( in) doing sth/with sth. 做某事(没)有困难

There be + some/no + doubt about/as to sth / that… 对某事(没)有疑问

There is no sense/use/good/point (in) doing sth 做某事没有道理/用处/好处/意义

There is no need (for sb.) to do sth/that… (某人)做某事没有必要

There is no chance/possibility to do sth/of doing sth./that… 没有做某事的机会/可能性

There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争辩。

There is a time when...有做某事的一段时间

“There be”是英语中最常见的又是非常重要的句型，不管在口语中还是在书面语中，there be句型的使用频率是很高的。仔细分析近几年的中考试题，几乎每年都以不同形式、从不同角度考查该句型的运用。因此,很有必要对此进行认真的分析和总结, 从而达到熟练掌握和运用这一句型的目的。

我们都知道，“There be”是表示“存在”的一种基本方式, 其句型结构通常为:：There be + sb./sth. + somewhere/doing sth。但仅仅知道这点用法还远远不够,“There be”还有更多较为特殊的用法。

　　一、“There be”后面可以跟名词或动名词

　　在“There be +主语+状语"的句型中, 作主语的名词一般是非限定的,常是泛指而不是特指, 故一般不用this, that, these, those 等词修饰, 修饰主语的一般应该是不定冠词、零冠词、基数词或a, an, some, any, no, several, many, much, a few, a little, another, a lot of, enough等非特指的词汇。请看下面例句:

There is a shop at the corner.

在拐角处有家商店。

There are two books on the desk.

课桌上有两本书。

There are many sheep bleating in the field.

田里有许多绵羊在叫。

　　二、我们也可以根据表达的需要, 在There与be之间用上恰当的情态动词can, may, must, should, will等，构成: There will /may/must/can, etc. be...:

There will be an interesting talk on English next week.

下个星期有个关于英语方面的有趣报告。

My watch doesn’t work, there may be something wrong with it.

我的手表不走了，可能出了故障。

三、“There be” 句型还有扩展形式

在There be 句型中, 除be之外, 某些表示存在概念的不及物动词也可以用于这种句型, 这些动词大致是: live, come, stand, lie等。请看：

Once there lived an old fisherman near the sea.

海边曾经住着一位老渔夫。

There stands a big tall apple tree in front of my house.

我家屋前有一棵高大的苹果树。

Then there came a knock at the door.

　　那时传来了敲门声。

四、使用“There be”句型时要注意主谓一致

在There be引导的句子中, 谓语动词be的人称和数应该和它后面的主语(名词)保持一致, 当有两个或两个以上的名词作并列主语时, be的形式则和第一个名词保持一致(就近原则)。如:

There is a small river near the village.

　村子附近有条小河。

There are two thousand students in our school.

　我们学校有2000名学生。

There is a pen and two books on the desk.

　课桌上有一枝钢笔。

　　五、There be句型与have的区别:

二者都表示汉语中的“有”。但是在用法上有区别: There be 句型表示“某处(某时)有某物”;而have则表示“某人或某物拥有某物”, 强调主语和宾语的所属关系。如:

　　There are quite a few pine trees on the campus.

　　校园里有许多松树。

　Each supergirl has her merits and faults.

　　每个超级女生都有他的优点和缺点。

We have ten copies, but we shall need more.

　　我们有10册,但是我们还需要更多。

　　六、There be 句型的转换

　　一般地说, There be 句型的基本转换还是比较容易掌握的, 关键要注意句型中名词的转换形式, 请看下面的例句:

　Are there any boats on the lake? (一般疑问句)

　There are not any students in the classroom. (否定句)

　——What's in the bag? (对主语提问的特殊疑问句)

——There are many oranges in it.

　　七、There be 句型的时态:

　　There be 句型没有语态形式, 但是却有比较复杂的时态形式, 以及可以表达不同的情态语境,请看下面的例句:

　There will be a class meeting this afternoon. (一般将来时)

　今天下午有班会。

　There was a football match in our school yesterday. (一般过去时)

　　昨天我们学校有一场足球赛。

　There have been great changes in China in the past twenty years. (现在完成时)

　在过去20年里中国发生了巨大变化。

　There are going to be two English parties next week. (一般将来时)

　下周有两场英语晚会。

There must be something wrong with the computer. ( must + be)

这台计算机一定出问题了。