怎样构成动名词?

　　动名词的否定结构
　　动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成.如：Trying without success is better than not trying at all.实验没有成功也比不实验好.He hated himself for not having work hard.他悔恨自己没有用功.I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before.很抱歉,没有早给你打电话.He felt sorry for not having done the work well.他为没有把工作做好感到难过.I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going.我看不去对你倒好了.（not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式） There is no denying the fact that he si diligent.（no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定）
　　动名词复合结构
　　通常情况下,动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语.如果动名词动作的发出者不失谓语动的主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语,宾语等.（1）逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时,必须用名词或代词所有格,作宾语时（尤其在口语中）,也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格.如：Do you think my going there will be of any help?你看我去会有什么帮助吗?（宾语） The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French.这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助.（主语） Do you mind my(me) smoking 你介意我抽烟吗?（宾语） They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there.他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿.（介词宾语） （2）逻辑主语是无生命名词是,通常只用名词普通格.如：Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof?你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗?Is there any hope of our team winning the match 我们对赢得比赛有希望吗?(3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this that ,somebody ,someone ,nobody,none,anybody,anyone 时,只用普通格.如：She was woken up by somebody shouting outside.她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了.
　　形式（一般式,完成式和被动式）
　　(1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后.如：We are very interested in collecting stamps.我们对集邮很感兴趣.His coming will be of great help to us .他来对我们大有帮助.但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词 after,on,upon,或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前.如：I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景.On hearing that bad news ,the mother couldn’t help crying.一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来.Excuse me for coming late.我来晚了,请原谅.Thank you for giving us so much help.谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助.(2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束.He regrets not having taken part in the work.他后悔没有参加这项工作.We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬.(3)动名词的被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时,用被动语态.如：I like being given harder work.我喜欢接受难点的工作.She is proud of being admitted into the university.她为被大学录取而感到自豪.The meeting was put off without his having been consulted.会议延期并未和他商量.He doesn’t mind having been criticized.他不介意过去受到的批评.