求初一下册英语1-3单元重点语法

求初一下册英语1-3单元重点语法

一、词法

1、名词

A）、名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：

一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es　如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,　orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族,　time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉　chickens 小鸡

十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen


B）名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：

一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）

2、代词

项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 　 　
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves

3、动词

A） 第三人称单数

i. 重点短语 1. a bottle of 2. a little 3. a lot (of) 4. all day 5. be from 6. be over 7. come back 8. come from 9. do one’s homework 10. do the shopping 11. get down 12. get home 13. get to 14. get up 15. go shopping 16. have a drink of 17. have a look 18. have breakfast 19. have lunch 20. have supper 21. listen to 22. not…at all 23. put…away 24. take off 25. throw it like that 26. would like 27. in the middle of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening 29. on a farm 30. in a factory ii. 重要句型 1. let sb. do sth. 2. could sb. do sth.? 3. would like sth. 4. would like to do sth. 5. what about something to eat? 6. how do you spell …? 7. may i borrow…? iii. 交际用语 1. —thanks very much! —you're welcome. 2. put it/them away. 3. what's wrong? 4. i think so. i don't think so. 5. i want to take some books to the classroom. 6. give me a bottle of orange juice, please. please give it / them back tomorrow. ok. 9. what's your favourite sport? 10. don't worry. 11.i’m (not) good at basketball. 12. do you want a go? 13. that's right./ that‘s all right./ all right. 14. do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries? yes, i do. / no, i don’t. 15. we / they have some cds. we / they don’t have any cds. 16. ---what day is it today / tomorrow? ---it’s monday. 17. ---may i borrow your colour pens, please? ---certainly. here you are. 18. ---where are you from? ---from beijing. 19. what's your telephone number in new york? 20. ---do you like hot dogs? ---yes, i do. ( a little. / a lot. / very much.) ---no, i don't. ( i don't like them at all.) 21. ---what does your mother like? ---she likes dumplings and vegetables very much. 22. ---when do you go to school every day? ---i go to school at 7:00 every day. 23. ---what time does he go to bed in the evening? ---he goes to bed at 10:00. iv. 重要语法 1.人称代词的用法； 2. 祈使句； 3. 现在进行时的构成和用法； 4．动词have的用法； 5．一般现在时构成和用法； 6．可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法