look的词语辨析

look的词语辨析

look happy
这里look是表感官的系动词（相当于系动词be),这类词叫做半系动词。半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语，这类词有： 1.表感观的系动词：look, sound, taste, smell, feel（这些词用形容词作表语）2.表似乎的系动词seem, appear3.表变化的系动词：become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run 4.表依旧的系动词：remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, rest, lie, hold 5.可带名词作表语的系动词：become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn（该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如：He turned teacher.）
I look forward to,I am looking forward to
短语look forward to在句中可用于一般现在时,也可用于一般进行时,前者口气较随便,多用在私人信件中;后者口气较正式,常用在公文中。
look for, look forward to, anticipate, expect
这组词(组)的共同意思是“期待,等待”。其区别是:expect指“等待某事发生”,常有一定的根据,发生的可能性较大；anticipate含有“预先体味”的意味；look for是日常用词,也可表示“期待”；look forward to指以欢乐或焦急的心情期待某事发生。例如:
I expect to see some fine films during the holidays.我期望假期能看上几部好电影。
We anticipate that we shall hear from you again.我们预感到将会再接到你的信。
I think we may look for a better result next time.我想下次结果可能会好一些。
I'm looking forward to your visit.我期待着你的来访。
look, appear, seem
这三个词都可用作系动词,表示“看起来”。其区别是：
1.在含义上, appear 强调外表上给人的某种印象,有时含实质上并非如此的意思; look意味着看上去如此,实际亦是如此; seem 则暗示判断有一定根据,这种判断往往接近事实。例如:
He appears to be very young.
他看上去很年轻。(实际上不一定如此)
He looks to be very young.
他看上去很年轻。(实际上也年轻)
He seems to be very young.
他看上去很年轻。(可能他的确很年轻)
2.在用法上,这三个词都可跟形容词或“to be+形容词或名词”结构,也可用于It appears〔appeared〕/looks〔looked〕/seems〔seemed〕 as if...结构。但是, appear 和seem跟to-v时仍表示“看起来”,而look 接to-v则是“盼望”的意思。例如:
He appears〔seems〕 to know it.
他看来知道这件事。
He looks to hear from you.
他期待你来信。
另外, appear 和seem可用于It appears〔appeared〕/seems〔seemed〕 that...结构,而look不能。例如:
我看他似乎很喜欢看这部小说。
[误] It looks to me that he enjoys reading the novel.
[正] It appears〔seems〕 to me that he enjoys reading the novel.
还有, appear 和seem一般不用于进行体; 而look可用现在进行时,这和一般现在时所表示的意思无多大区别。例如:
You are looking〔look〕 very unhappy.你看起来很不高兴。
look, glance
这两个词的共同意思是“看”,都可接介词at。其区别是:glance指匆忙地看一眼,也指粗略地、随便看看、暗暗地看; 而look则表示有意识地注意看,将视线集中于某人或某物上,着重于看的动作。例如:
She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.这么多人瞧着她,她感到非常紧张。
I found the child opposite looking at my red hat.我发现对面的孩子在看我的红帽子。
look, see, watch
这三个词都有“看”的意思。其区别是:look指有意识的“动作”;see指有意或无意的“结果”;watch则指有意识地以期待、警觉等心情看上一段时间。例如:
We looked but saw nothing.我们看了,可是什么也没看到。
They are watching a TV play.他们在看电视剧。
look for, discover, find, find out, invent
参见discover条。
下面四个句子意思相同,第1句主要用在英国,第2、4句英美都通用,第3句用在美国。
He looks an honest man.
He looks like an honest man.
He looks to be honest.
He looks honest.
他看上去是个诚实的人。
下面各组中的句子或短语意思不同:
The old man looks good.
那老人外表好。
The old man looks well.
那老人气色好。
Look out of the window!
朝窗外看!
Look out at the window!
看外面的窗户!
look over one's shoulder
回头向后看
look over sb's shoulder
从某人肩上向前看
look down on
轻视
look down at
向下看
look to the matter
留心此事
look into the matter
调查此事
look over my hat
从我上方看过去
look my hat over
仔细打量我的帽子
look upon as an authority
视为权威
look up to as an authority
尊为权威