给点非谓语动词的讲解吧

给点非谓语动词的讲解吧

英语有有能力考试B级（PRCTO-B）关于非谓语动词考点：

非谓语动词
非谓语动词 三大类：
分词
动名词
动词不定式
I.分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词即v.-ing；可以be连用形成现在进行时态
过去分词即v.-ed；可以have，has连用形成现在完成时；还可以与be连用形成被动语态
含义：
现在分词v.-ing表示正在进行的、主动的

过去分词v.-ed 表示已经完成的、被动的
用法：
（1）作形容词，修饰名词
the changing world
the changed world

e.g.: the rising/risen sun

the developing/developed country

the man standing there 站在那里的人
the work finished yesterday 昨天完成的工作
也可以写成the man who is standing there
和the work which was finished yesterday

（2）作副词，修饰句子
Seeing the tiger, the boy cried.
Seen from the hill, the city is small.

一般题型：是放在句子开头，然后判断所填动词跟后面主句的主语是主动还是被动关系。主动用现在分词v.-ing；被动用过去分词v.-ed
II.动名词
含义：即doing。当作名词使用；强调一种状态
用法：
（1）接某些动词后面
keep / avoid / need / like / enjoy / finish / mind + doing

e.g.: Would you mind opening the window?

（2）充当名词单独使用
Playing football is my hobby.
My hobby is playing football.
（3）介词后面用动名词doing
He left without ____(say) goodbye.
I’m interested in _____(read) books.
III.动词不定式
含义：即to do。表示为了……；强调一种目的
用法：
（1）接某些动词后面
fail / decide / want / have / happen / plan / manage/ pretend/ promise/ afford + to do

（2）作形容词
I have many things to do.
He have no room to live in. (不及物动词需补全介词)
There is nothing to worry about.
We have a child to take care of.
（3）作副词修饰句子
They went to Shanghai to visit The World Expo.
他们去上海参观世博会了。
To save the boy, he lost his life. 为了救那个男孩，他牺牲了。
这时可在前面加in order或者so as表示强调。
即in order to do, so as to do

（4）作名词
To eat is to live, but to live is not to eat.
When to start is not known.
作主语时如果不定式过长，可放到后面，前面用形式主语it代替。
e.g.: To talk with the superstar is not easy.
=It is not easy to talk with the superstar .
即我们常见的It is + adj. + to do; 注意如果前面有 I think/make /find 时，后面的is可省略。如 He made it easy to learn English.

（5）作宾语补足语
ask
tell
expect 期望
teach sb.(某人) + to do
allow 容许
remind 提醒
encourage 鼓励
invite
如：He told us not to close the door.

注：1.考试经常考这些结构的被动语态：
be asked / told/ expected / taught /allowed + to do
2.有些动词to 可省略，如：
make / have / let sb. do 让某人做……
help / hear / see sb. do
但这些结构换成被动语态，to就需还原:
如 I saw him get on the bus.
→He was seen to get on the bus.

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非谓语动词重要句式归纳
　　1. prefer+不定式+rather than+动词原形

　　其意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：

　　I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus. 我宁愿走着去，而不愿坐公共汽车去。
注：若语义明确，有时可以有所省略。如：

　　I prefer to travel by day rather than (travel) by night. 我宁愿白天旅行而不是在夜间旅行。

　　2. prefer+动名词+to+动名词

　　其意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：

　　He prefers swimming to riding as a sport. 作为一项运动项 目，他更喜欢游泳而不是骑马。 注：这类结构的 prefer 前有时也可用 would, should 等。如：

　　We would prefer playing outdoors to watching television. 我们宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。
　　He prefers to read rather than watch television. 他喜欢 读书而不喜欢看电视。